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Theories of Personality Reviewer
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karen denielsen horneypsychoanalytic social theory
• born on September 15, 1885, youngest child of a 50-year-
old father and his 2nd wife (18 years younger than her
husband)
• she viewed her father as religious hypocrite because of his
favoritism to the oldest brothers and for wanting horney to
stay at home, objecting her dream to become physician
• she idolized her mother who both supported and protected
against her father
• she had a morbid dependency that result to having a
relationship with series of men because of quest of right man
• had 3 children in 5 years, she had love affairs while still
married
• she became more productive when they separated with her husband, she sees patients, taking care of
her 3 children, she became more involved with writing, teaching, traveling, and lecturing
• Erich Fromm and her were close friends from 10 years, and later on became lovers
• Became part of the Zodiac group that included Fromm and Fromm-Reichmann (his wife)
• she was a member of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute, she seldom agreed with
• member of Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis/AAP that turned to Karen Horney
Psychoanalytic Institute
• She established the Karen Horney Clinic
• She died because of short illness at the age of 65
, SIMILARITIES BETWEEN HORNEY AND
PSYCHOANALYTIC SOCIAL THEORY FREUD’S IDEAS
− social and cultural conditions, especially FREUD HORNEY
childhood experiences, are largely
early childhood traumas are important
responsible for shaping personality
− people who do not have their needs for
love and affection satisfied during
childhood develop basic hostility toward
their parents and, as a consequence, suffer SHE BELIEVED THAT CULTURE, NOT ANATOMY,
from basic anxiety (cycle: unsatisfied love WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PSYCHIC DIFFERENCES
and affection = basic hostility to parents = BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
suffer from basic anxiety − she claimed that neuroses are not the
result of instincts but rather of the person’s
“attempt to find paths through a wilderness
COMPARISON BETWEEN HORNEY AND full of unknown dangers
FREUD’S IDEAS
FREUD HORNEY THE IMPACT OF CULTURE
− cultural influences as the primary bases for
biological and anatomy social rather than
are the biological forces biological forces are both neurotic and normal personality
of personality paramount in development
development personality
development
gave importance to man is ruled not by the MODERN CULTURE
paternal psychology pleasure principle alone
- is based on competition among individuals
but by two guiding
- “Everyone is a real or potential competitor
principles: safety and
of everyone else”
satisfaction
neuroses are not the
result of instincts but
finding paths through a • COMPETITIVENESS AND THE BASIC HOSTILITY
wilderness full of danger (repressed feelings of rage in childhood when
(wilderness is created by they fear about parents not satisfying their
society and not by safety and satisfaction) IT SPAWNS RESULT IN
instincts or anatomy) FEELINGS OF ISOLATION
pessimistic concept of her view of humanity is
- feelings of being alone in a potentially
humanity based on an optimistic one and is
hostile world lead to intensified needs for
innate instincts and the centered on cultural
affection – causing people to overvalue love
stagnation of personality forces that are
- many people see love and affection as the
amenable to change
solution for all their problems
, GENUINE LOVE 2.) society’s demands for success and
- can be a healthy, growth-producing experience achievement are nearly endless
- even when people achieve their material
ambitions, additional goals are continually being
DESPERATE NEED FOR LOVE placed before them
- such as that shown by Horney herself
- provides a fertile ground for the development
of neuroses 3.) western society tells people that they are
free, that they can accomplish anything
SELF-DEFEATING ATTEMPTS TO BENEFIT through hard work and perseverance (being
FROM LOVE RESULT IN: (vicious circle) idealized)
o low self-esteem - in reality, the freedom of most people is
o increased hostility greatly restricted by genetics, social position,
- repressed feelings of rage in childhood and the competitiveness of others
when they fear about parents not satisfying
their safety and satisfaction
o basic anxiety
- feeling of isolation and helplessness in the
THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDHOOD
hostile world
EXPERIENCES
o more competitiveness
o continuous excessive need for love and
• HORNEY BELIEVED THAT NEUROTIC CONFLICT
affection
CAN STEM FROM ALMOST ANY
CULTURAL INFLUENCES AND WESTERN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE, BUT CHILDHOOD IS
SOCIETY CONTRIBUTES TO THIS VICIOUS THE AGE FROM WHICH THE VAST MAJORITY OF
CIRCLE IN 3 WAYS: PROBLEMS ARISE
- These contradictions are all stemming from - traumatic events, such as sexual abuse,
cultural influences rather than biological ones, beatings, open rejection, or pervasive neglect,
thus, provide intrapsychic conflicts that may leave their impressions on a child’s future
threaten the psychological health of normal development
people and provide nearly insurmountable - these debilitating experiences can almost
obstacles for neurotics invariably be traced to lack of genuine warmth
and affection
1.) society are inspire with the cultural
teachings of kinship and humility
- kinship and humility run contrary to another
prevailing attitude namely aggressiveness and
the drive to win or be superior
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