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Ontological argument
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Ontology is a branch of philosophy thatexplores the concept of existence. They logic
to conclude god’s existence rather than
sensory experience. According to this
Ontological argument-Deductive argumentCriticisms of the
argument ontological
everything argument
exists contingently.
Gods existence is necessary.
Challenges from Gaunilo Immanuel Kant’s objections:
Analytic
o His objectionspropositions
were mainlyare statements
aimed
o He was the first to object to object
St Anselm. which are true by definition. Anselm
He created to the
object to Anselm’s
ontological idea that
argument to demonstrate at Descartes but also challenged
believed that the statement ‘God exists’
God exists
the rationality behind byhis
definition.
own faith. Anselm’s arguments Gaunilo.
is analytic because the concept of God
rely onoa He was definition
special Christian but believed
of God ‘that than which o Existence is not a real predicate:
includes the concept of existence.
Anselm’s
nothing greater canargument was logical. He
be conceived. this phrase summarises Kant’s
Without existence the term ‘God would
wrote everyone
At some point, his objections under the
has thought of title
god as a great complex argument that existence is
being. You ‘on behalf
can only of the fool’
argue against the existence of God not a quality. It’s pointless to say
o He replaced
if you understand whattheGodidea
is.of God with that existence proposition
A synthetic is a predicateis something
an island. because
which addsit makes
to ournounderstanding,
difference to it
Anselm orefer to psalm
Using 53 in his
Anselm’s work:
argument, we the subject.
goes beyond the definition of
‘The fool says in his heart, ‘there is no God.’’
might go on to say that for such an o God cannot be
something. Foranexample,
exception thetoflower
the is
island to exist in our minds means rule,
blueKant
is a concluded that all the
synthetic statement because
this is inferior to the island existing ontological
the concept argument wasdoesn’t
of a flower doing
in reality. was providingmean
necessarily a definition of Godare
that flowers to blue.
Proslogion 2: Anselm’s first form of
o If our island is the most excellent, the ontological see whether the world had such a
argument: being who could fill the criterion. In
it can’t be inferior, it must exist in Proslogion 3: Anselm’s second form of
1.God is that which nothing greater can be conceived.
reality. the argument:
2.A real existent being would be greater than an
o Clearly there is no such island. we 1.God is greater than that which cannot
imaginary being than an imaginary illusory being.
can’t bring something into be conceived
3.therfore, the concept of God is surpassed by an actual
existence by just defining it. 2.Contingent beings are inferior to
existent God
o Cc-Anselm argued that although necessary beings.
God is understood to be the highest sum of all
Guanilos objections worked for an 3.Because God is TTWNGCBC, he must
perfections. If we have this idea of God in our heads,
island it would not work when have necessary existence
then God must exist in reality-because a God that exists
applied to ‘God’. 4.therefore God exists.
in our heads is inferior to real God.so God has to exist in
o This perfect island you imagine Anselm is arguing that God must exist,
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