Summary
Summary IGCSE PE
- Course
- Institution
notes for IGCSE PE (Physical Education)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
panthitrakiatpakdee
Content preview
chapter 'sMbeki 9⑧EE⑧B Blanked logged MlUHliorxMaai@Bi.o one'nqma%oam Hies Hi ,
There numbers of measurements that be taken how well the functioning
are can as assess
respiratory system is .
)
'
provides indication of how much be measured small machine attached
'
cable to
( mouthpiece by
-
using
-
j day yo , um n
-
an can a a a
inhale each breath spirometer and is
air we can in a
,
usually given in
mil ninli,t res
:
when the tidal volume is multiplied by the number of breaths take in a minute
you .
↳ it
gives a result known as the minute ventilation usually expressed .
in 11min .
tidal volumes x number of breaths =
minute ventilation
( ml , I min l l l Im in )
per
"
/
" maximum volume of air that measured
using a type of expressed in litres
vital
capacity
you
-
.
→
breath out after
can
breathing in . spirometer .
do this knowledge can be used to improve athletes performance because
they can
identify how
breathing can effect movement .
key terms :
minute ventilation -
the volume of air that we breathe per minute .
vital capacity -
the maximum volume of air you can breathe out .
redid val vdvmn the volume of lungs after
-
air left in
your breathing out .
Lung volume
breath )
(air in and out of
lung per
minute ventilation = tidal volume x
breathing rate
the volumn of air
lung)
going I breaths per min )
( pienranmidnout of the
diagram -
Alka
µV¥afY
of "
quantity air l
I residual vdup.mn
time 1st
, TB Did Mth ④ON
key terms
a
circulatory system -
the body 's transport system that consists of
lungs ,
heart blood vessels and blood
,
.
• blood -
a liquid containing four components plasma :
,
red blood cells white blood cells and
,
platelets ,
each with a specific function .
haemoglobin dark red chemical respond si ble blood
a for
transporting oxygen in the
-
•
.
blood
oxy haemoglobin a
bright red chemical formed when haemoglobin combines with
oxygen resulting in
oxygenated
• -
.
,
blood vessels different types of vessels that blood arteries veins and capillaries
s
carry
• - :
.
,
Blood
blood has an important role in
protecting the body from infection and disease This are the.
components that form the structure of blood .
Plasma consists of water to allow substances to dissolve and be transported easily
mainly
•
-
.
Red blood cells haemoglobin from the lungs to form
contain which reacts with
oxygen oxy haemoglobin
-
• .
,
• White blood cells -
defend the body against pathogens by engulfing them or
creating antibodies to attack them .
•
Platelets -
contain
enzyme that causes blood to dot when there is
damage to blood vessels or if they are exposed to air .
Blood vessels
•
arteries -
muscular elastic tubes that
, transport oxygenated blood
away
from the heart .
-
they have a small internal lumen
-
arterial blood is pumped at a
high pressure because of the strong pumping
action of the heart .
•
veins -
carry deoxygenated blood to the heart .
contain blood under thinner walls and internal lumen
-
lower pressure and ,
so have a
larger .
-
have valve that prevent blood flowing backwards .
blood vessels that form networks throughout the
body 's tissues
•
capillaries -
tiny .
-
blood from the arteries flows into the capillaries where oxygen ,
and nutrients are extracted .
the blood then flow back to the veins waste
carrying
-
, AH Adore Be Be BE 8%0*1 Mia at
heart
2 at the top are atrial singular form -
atrium )
✓
•
consists of four chambers
at the bottom ventricles
.
n z are
ensures that the blood on the 2 sides of the
•
2 sides of the heart are separated by a thick muscular wall called septum .
→
heart doesn't mix and flow in direction
always a .
• heart has several valves positioned where blood enters and leaves the heart .
→ valves prevent the blood from flowing backwards .
Stage i :
deoxygenated
blood from the blood past
body enters via the vena cava into the right atrium ,
which contracts
forcing the the value into the right ventricle .
the right ventricle contracts
forcing the blood
through the
pulmonary artery to the
lungs .
Stage 2 :
oxygenated
blood from the lungs the left atrium , which contracts blood past the valve into the left atrium
enters via the
pulmonary vein into
forcing the .
the blood
which contracts
forcing through the aorta to the
body .
key terms :
double circulation -
the heart has a double pump and circulation
circuit I right I blood to the and back to the heart
pulmonary -
pumps the lungs .
I left I
systemic circuit -
pumps blood to the body and back to the heart .
heart -
muscular
organ that expands as it fills with blood and contracts to force blood away through the arteries : the blood
returns through the veins to the heart .
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller panthitrakiatpakdee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73243 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now