Kraakproces → Kraken = is stukken
breken → ontledingsreactie →
lange moleculen → kleinere
moleculen → thermisch/katalytisch
→ t verhitting → k katalysator →
hulpstof snelheid reactie vergroot
Paragraaf 4.2 Koolstofverbindingen Paragraaf 4.3 Energie uit
Alkanen → CnH2n+2 → - brandstoffen
Alkenen → CnH2n → = → -2 H-atomen Brandstoffen veel energie
Alkanolen → CnH2n+1OH → afgeleid opgeslagen → vrij bij verbranding
alkanen → één H-atoom vervangen → warmte en licht → opgeslagen
voor één OH-groep in moleculen van brandstof =
Structuurformule → laat zien welke chemische energie → warmte
atomen met elkaar verbonden zijn vrijkomt bij verbranding →
Isomeren → kent 2 verschillende verbrandingswarmte
structuurformules → dezelfde
molecuulformule → verschillende Megajoule → MJ → 1 000 000 =
eigenschappen → kookpunten 1 miljoen → 106
1 meth → mono Q = c x m x delta T
2 eth → di Q = hoeveelheid warmte
3 prop → tri c = soortelijke warmte van water
4 but → tetra in J/(kg x *C)
5 pent → penta m = massa van water in kg
6 hex → hexa Delta T = temperatuurveran-
7 hep → hepta dering Teind - Tbegin in *C
8 oct → octa Als je c invult in J/(g x *C), m in g, delta T in *C, dan vindt je Q in J
9 non → nona Waterstof → energiedrager → voertuigen rijden op waterstof →
10 dec → deca voertuigen uitgerust met een waterstof brandstofcel
→ Kleurloos, geurloos, smaakloos, een hoge verbrandingswaarde
(brandbaarheid)
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