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Ch01
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.The field within psychology devoted to understanding all psychological influences on health and illness across the life span is called A. psychosomatic medicine.
B. health psychology.
C. medical psychology.
D. epidemiology. 2.A health psychologist who designs a media campaign to get people to improve their diets focuses on A. health promotion and maintenance.
B. prevention and treatment of illness.
C. etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D. the health care system and the formulation of health policy. 3.A health psychologist who works with people who are already ill focuses on A. health promotion and maintenance.
B. prevention and treatment of illness.
C. etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D. the health care system and the formulation of health policy. 4.Etiology refers to A. causes of illness.
B. a special kind of disease state.
C. healthy behavior.
D. stress effects. 5.A health psychologist who is interested in the behavioral and social factors that contribute to disease focuses on A. health promotion and maintenance.
B. prevention and treatment of illness.
C. etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D. the health care system and the formulation of health policy. 6.A health psychologist who studies the impact of hospitals and physicians on people's behavior focuses on A. health promotion and maintenance.
B. prevention and treatment of illness.
C. etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D. the health care system and the formulation of health policy. 7.During prehistory most ancient cultures viewed the mind and the body as A. ultimately unknowable.
B. somewhat interdependent.
C. separate and autonomous systems.
D. part of the same system. 8.According to the humoral theory of the ancient Greeks, disease is the result of A. trephination.
B. evil spirits.
C. an imbalance of bodily fluids.
D. cellular disorders. 9.The idea that one's biochemistry may be associated with certain personality characteristics can be traced to the A. Stone Age.
B. ancient Greeks.
C. Middle Ages.
D. Renaissance. 10.The humoral theory was put to rest by A. the medieval church.
B. the rising belief in demonology.
C. Freud's work on conversion hysteria.
D. a growing understanding of cellular pathology. 11.Conversion hysteria A. is now even more frequent than in Freud's time.
B. occurs when unconscious conflict is manifested in a symbolic physical symptom.
C. occurs when an individual develops several minor symptoms to avoid interpersonal conflict.
D. All of these. 12._______________ linked specific personality patterns to specific illnesses. A. Dunbar and Alexander
B. Galen
C. Hippocrates
D. Freud 13._______________ links patterns of personality to specific illnesses. A. Psychoanalytic theory
B. Psychosomatic medicine
C. Freudian theory
D. The biomedical model 14.The field of health psychology has been greatly influenced by the psychosomatic movement. Which of the following assumptions of this movement has made a lasting contribution to health psychology? A. Psychological conflict is sufficient to produce certain disorders.
B. Certain biological disorders can be related on a consistent basis to specific personality types.
C. Certain disorders are best treated medically; however, other disorders are best treated through psychotherapy.
D. Physical health is affected by both the psychological and social environment. 15.According to your text, all conditions of health and illness are influenced by A. one's personality type.
B. psychodynamics.
C. psychological and social factors.
D. None of these. 16.The fundamental assumption of the _______________ model is that health and illness are consequences of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. A. biomedical
B. psychoemotional
C. biopsychosocial
D. psychosocial 17.The _______________ model maintains that all illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic processes. A. biomedical
B. psychoemotional
C. biopsychosocial
D. psychosocial 18.The idea that illness can be explained by low-level processes such as the functions of disordered cells and chemical imbalances is A. dualism.
B. systems theory.
C. homeostasis.
D. reductionism. 19.The notion that cancer can be cured simply by excising a tumor most closely resembles the A. biomedical model.
B. biopsychosocial model.
C. psychosomatic model.
D. pathological model. 20.A single-factor model of illness assumes that A. there is one ultimate cause of all illnesses.
B. health should be emphasized over illness.
C. illness can be explained in terms of biological disorder.
D. All of these. 21.The idea that health is the absence of disease most closely resembles the A. biomedical model.
B. biopsychosocial model.
C. psychosomatic model.
D. pathological model. 22.The _______________ emphasizes illness over health. A. biopsychosocial model
B. psychosomatic model
C. reductionistic model
D. biomedical model 23.According to the biopsychosocial model, health and illness are determined by A. microlevel processes.
B. macrolevel processes.
C. an interaction of microlevel and macrolevel processes.
D. None of these. 24.The _______________ maintains that health and illness are caused by multiple factors and produce multiple effects. A. biopsychosocial model
B. psychosomatic model
C. reductionistic model
D. biomedical model 25.Systems theory assumes a principle of hierarchical organization. This implies that A. changes in any one level will affect all other levels of the system.
B. only changes in the highest level will affect all levels of the system.
C. changes in one level will affect only lower levels of the system.
D. changes in intermediate levels have the most profound impacts. 26.According to the biopsychosocial model, A. an interdisciplinary team approach may lead to the best diagnoses.
B. treatment must focus on biological, psychological, and social factors.
C. patients play an important role in their diagnosis and treatment.
D. All of these. 27.Until the turn of the 20th century, _______________ were the major causes of illness and death in the United States. A. acute disorders
B. chronic illnesses
C. hereditary disorders
D. accidents and homicides 28.Acute disorders are A. short-term medical illnesses that are usually amenable to cure.
B. typically diseases that are co-managed by patients and their practitioners.
C. the major causes of death and illness in the United States.
D. serious disorders such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. 29.In industrialized countries, _______________ are the major contributors to disability and death. A. acute disorders
B. chronic illnesses
C. hereditary disorders
D. accidents and homicides 30.AIDS is a chronic illness. This is because it A. is psychosomatic in origin.
B. is difficult for patients to manage, but seldom contributes to disability or death.
C. can be cured only if the patient and the practitioner work together as a team.
D. is an illness in which psychological and social factors play an important role in both cause and management. 31._______________ is the study of the frequency, distribution, and causes of infectious and noninfectious diseases in a population, based on an investigation of the physical and social environment. A. Health psychology
B. Etiology
C. Morbidity
D. Epidemiology 32._______________ refers to the number of cases of a disease that exist at some given point in time. _______________ refers to the number of deaths due to particular causes. A. Morbidity; Mortality
B. Mortality; Morbidity
C. Epidemiology; Pathology
D. Etiology; Epidemiology 33.Health psychologists interested in issues related to quality of life are likely to be most interested in which of the following? A. prevalence of acute illnesses in the population
B. mortality statistics
C. morbidity statistics
D. None of these. 34.As of 2008, _______________ million Americans had no health insurance. A. 15.3
B. 26.7
C. 46.3
D. 54.9 35.The advantage of theory in health psychology is: A. that theories provide guidelines for how to do research.
B. to generate specific predictions.
C. to tie together loose ends.
D. All of these
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