Bio 319 Midterm Exam review sheet Already Graded A
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Course
Biology
Institution
Biology
Bio-319 Midterm Study guide
Chapters 1-6
*If you go through each item on this study guide and read about it on in your text, you should
have an excellent study guide for the Midterm Exam. *
Chapter 1
Define Phytochemicals, zoonutrients, micronutrients and macronutrients
o Phytochemicals �...
Bio-319 Midterm Study guide
Chapters 1-6
*If you go through each item on this study guide and read about it on in your text, you should
have an excellent study guide for the Midterm Exam. *
Chapter 1
Define Phytochemicals, zoonutrients, micronutrients and macronutrients
o Phytochemicals – health promoting compound in plant based food
o Zoonutrients – Health promoting compound in animal based food
o Micronutrients – Vitamins and minerals
o Macronutrients – Proteins, lipids, fats, and water. Anything consumed in large
quantity
Explain importance of dietary fiber
o Helps with movement in digestive system
Explain the steps in the scientific method
o Make an observation
o Proposing a hypothesis
Predict the relationship between variables
Causual relationship
correlation
o Experiment
Epidemiologic studies- no intervention
Correlation- determine if one variable is correlated to another
Intervention studies
Control group, Placebo, blinded studies, and random
assignment
Review questions to ask to determine scientific basis of nutritional claim
o Where was it published?
o Who conducted the study?
o Who paid for the research?
o Did the researcher use the right study design?
o Do public health organizations concur?
Define essential, nonessential and conditionally essential nutrients
o Essential – Must be obtained through diet
o Nonessential – body can produce
o Conditional essential – circumstances such as because of an illness
Be able to complete calculations similar to the “practice with calculations worksheet”
assignment. (You may bring a calculator to class for the exam as long as it is JUST a
calculator. Tablets and smart phones are NOT allowed.)
APPLY your understanding of research studies including terminology Epidemiologic,
Control, Blinded, Intervention, Random, and Placebo.
o Epidemiologic Control –
o Blinded – blinding the participants so they don’t know if they get the placebo
or the actual treatment
o Random- random assignment to an experimental group
, ( Control vs. treatment)
o Placebo – not the actual treatment … usually a fake treatment
Know current trends in Infant Mortality Rates and Life Expectancy in the United
States.
o Infant mortality rates have decreased and life expectancy has increased
DEFINE and APPLY characteristics of Chronic Degenerative Diseases.
o Chronic Degenerative Diseases: a non infectious disease that develops slowly,
persists over a long period of time, and tends to result in progressive
breakdown of tissues and loss of function
Leading cause of death
Risk factors
Tobacco use, physical activity, dietary habits
Causes
DNA, what is put in your body, what a person is exposed to ,
and physical activity
Chapter 2
Describe the tools for assessment of nutritional status
o ABCD methods of nutritional assessment
Anthropometric measurement
Physical dimensions and composition
Biochemical measurement
Lab analysis of biological samle
Clinical assessment
Medical history
Dietary assessment
Diet record or food record
Define Malnutrition, Overnutrition, and Undernutrition.
o Undernutrition
Inadequte intake of nutrient or energy
o Overnutrition
Nutritional toxicity
o Malnutrition
Nutritional status
Inadequate diet
Define Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).
o a set of four dietary assessment stan-dards used to assess and plan dietary
intake. The four reference values that comprise the DRIs are:
Define Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
o RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowances
Meets 97% healthy individuals needs
Not available for all nutrients
DEFINE and APPLY Primary and Secondary Malnutrition.
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