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Aantekeningen colleges perceptuele ontwikkeling
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Aantekeningen over de colleges over perceptuele ontwikkeling, de colleges van motorische ontwikkeling staat in een ander document.
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Perceptuele ontwikkeling –aantekeningen colleges
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Perceptie ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Sensatie versus Perceptie .................................................................................................................. 3
Baby’s: sensatie of perceptie ............................................................................................................. 3
Perceptie ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Perceptie: constraints (voorwaardes) ............................................................................................ 4
Theoretische stromingen ................................................................................................................... 5
constructivisme ............................................................................................................................... 5
Nativisme .......................................................................................................................................... 5
Onderschatting perceptuele vermogens ........................................................................................ 5
Belang onderzoek perceptuele ontwikkeling ................................................................................ 6
Biologische basis van de perceptuele ontwikkeling .................................................................... 6
Het oog ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Staafjes en kegeltjes ............................................................................................................................ 7
Optisch systeem ................................................................................................................................... 7
Oog van een baby ................................................................................................................................. 7
Onderzoeksmethoden ........................................................................................................................ 8
Auditieve perceptie ........................................................................................................................... 10
Ecologie van gehoor .......................................................................................................................... 10
Wat is geluid? ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Het auditieve systeem ...................................................................................................................... 10
............................................................................................................................................................... 10
Absolute drempels ............................................................................................................................ 11
Relatieve drempels ........................................................................................................................... 11
Lokaliseren geluid ............................................................................................................................. 11
Ontwikkeling geluidslokalisatie ..................................................................................................... 12
Herkennen klank ............................................................................................................................... 12
Voor de geboorte ............................................................................................................................... 12
Muzikale baby’s.................................................................................................................................. 12
Anatomie en fysiologie van reuk (olfaction) ................................................................................ 13
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,Ontwikkeling van geurperceptie .................................................................................................... 13
Smaaksysteem.................................................................................................................................... 13
Smaakreceptoren .............................................................................................................................. 14
Functie van smaak ............................................................................................................................. 14
Ontwikkeling smaakdiscriminatie................................................................................................. 14
Aangeboren factoren saakvoorkeur .............................................................................................. 14
Somatosensorische en vestibulaire systeem ............................................................................... 15
Cutane systeem .............................................................................................................................. 15
Mechanoreceptoren .......................................................................................................................... 15
Samenvatting tastreceptoren.................................................................................................. 16
Spatiële resolutie huid...................................................................................................................... 16
Ontwikkeling tast .............................................................................................................................. 16
Tast voor de geboorte ....................................................................................................................... 17
Belang van tast voor de ontwikkeling ........................................................................................... 17
Objecten waarnemen ........................................................................................................................ 17
Pijnreceptoren ................................................................................................................................... 17
Thermoreceptoren ............................................................................................................................ 17
Pijn en cognitieve factoren .............................................................................................................. 18
Proprioceptieve scherpte/nauwkeurigheid ................................................................................ 18
De rol van perceptie bij de sociale ontwikkeling ........................................................................ 21
Gezichtsperceptie .............................................................................................................................. 22
Aangeboren of aangeleerd? ............................................................................................................. 23
Kleur en golflengte ............................................................................................................................ 24
Absorptie en reflectie ....................................................................................................................... 24
Dimensies van kleur ......................................................................................................................... 25
Kleurenzien bij baby’s ...................................................................................................................... 25
Ruimtelijke perceptie ....................................................................................................................... 25
Binoculaire dispariteit bij baby’s ................................................................................................... 26
Kinematisch cues (heeft te maken met beweging) ..................................................................... 26
Baby’s en optische expansie ........................................................................................................ 26
Motion parallax .............................................................................................................................. 26
Picturale cues ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Ontwikkeling gevoeligheid picturale informatie ........................................................................ 28
Oculomotor informatie..................................................................................................................... 29
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, College 1 – sensatie en perceptie
Perceptie
• Door middel van perceptie krijgen we informatie over de wereld om ons heen
• Perceptie is een belangrijk aspect van de cognitie, het staat met elkaar in verband
• Meer dan de helft van de cortex houdt zich bezig met perceptuele informatieverwerking
Ecologie: Relatie tussen organismen en de omgeving
Ecologische psychologie: relatie tussen de mens en de omgeving
Sensatie versus Perceptie
Sensatie is het waarnemen van stimuli maar er geen betekenis aan geven. Het geven van betekenis
aan waarnemingen hoort bij perceptie, dit komt voort uit kennis en eerdere ervaringen.
Je ziet stipjes maar geeft er zelf een betekenis aan.
Is er bij a dan sprake van alleen sensatie?
Baby’s: sensatie of perceptie
James (1980): waarnemingen van pasgeborenen is ongeordend, chaotisch. Perceptuele ontwikkeling
is nodig om deze sensaties georganiseerd en betekenisvol te laten worden
Anderen: baby’s hebben een verfijnd vermogen betekenis te geven aan de wereld. Er is in bepaalde
mate sprake van perceptie.
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