Unit 12 - Learning aim D: Understand how the human body responds to diseases and infections
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Course
Unit 12 - Diseases and Infections
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
This assignment contains:
Pass:
Explain the components of the specific and the non-specific defences,
in protecting the body.
Merit:
Compare the roles of the specific and non-specific defence mechanisms
in the human body.
Distinction:
Evaluate the roles of the cell-mediated and h...
learning aim d understand how the human body responds to diseases and infections
Written for
BTEC
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Applied Science 2016 NQF
Unit 12 - Diseases and Infections
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Unit 12: Diseases and Infection
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Diseases and Infection
Established ias ian iinterconnected inetwork ithat ifunctions ito ipreserve iits ihost iorganism
i from iinnumerable idisease, ias iwell ias ivarious ipathogens, ithe iimmune isystem ican ibe
i subdivided iinto itwo igroups. iThe iSpecific iImmune iResponse iand ithe iInnate iImmune
i Response. i
Compared ito ithe iSpecific iImmune iSystem iResponse, ithe iInnate iResponse iSystem
i is isaid ito ibe ithe ifirst iline iof idefence. iThis iis idue ito ithe ifact ithat iits imechanisms
i are iactivated ialmost iimmediately ior iwithin ihours iof ia ipathogen’s iinvasion iinto ithe
i organism. iFurthermore, ithe isystem iwill ipresent iitself ionce ithe iorganism iis iborn,
i as iit ihas ievolved ito iaid ithe iorganism iin iterms iof iprotection ifrom imultiples
i infectious iagents, iinclusive iof i
a. Fungi
b. Viruses
c. Bacteria
d. Parasites i
Comparatively, ithe iSpecific iImmune iResponse iwill itake imore itime ias iit iis iacquired
i and itherefore ihas ito idevelop iover ione’s ilifetime. iThe iInnate iResponse iSystem iis
i comprised iof ithree ilines iof idefence iagainst iforeign iantigens:
Chemical iBarriers
Chemical ibarriers ifunction ito ieliminate ipathogens ion ithe iexterior iof ithe ibody, iat
i its iopenings, isuch ias ithe imouth iand ion iinterior ibody ilinings. i
Gastric iJuice Acids iin ithe istomach idestroy ibacteria
i and itoxins
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, COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS
Hyaluronic iacid An igelatinous isubstance, ihyaluronic
i acid islows ithe ispread iof
i microorganisms ithat ican iharm ithe
i body
Hydrochloric iAcid Eliminates ibacteria iand iviruses iin ithe
i stomach, iprotecting iyour ibody ifrom
i infection.
Physical iBarriers
Also ireferred ito ias ia iMechanical iBarriers, iPhysical iBarriers ioperate ito iblock
i pathogens ifrom ientering ithe ibody.
COMPONENTS FUNCTIONS
Cilia Cilia ilines ithe iupper irespiratory itract
i and itraps iand ipropels iinhaled idebris
i to ithe ithroat iso iit ican iexit ithe ibody
i more iquickly.
Defecation i Expels imicroorganisms ivia ibowel
i movements iand ivomit
Hair Hair iwithin ithe inose ifilters imicrobes,
i dust, iand ipollutants ifrom ithe iair ito
i prevent ithem ifrom iinvading ithe ibody.
Mucous imembranes Mucous imembranes iproduce imucus ito
i trap imicrobes iso ithey icannot ispread
i to ithe irest iof ithe ibody.
Skin Provides ia iphysical ibarrier ito iviruses,
i bacteria, iand imicrobes. iAs iit isheds,
i microbes iare iremoved.
2|Page
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