Summary Momentum and Impulse Grade 12 Physical Science
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Course
Physical Sciences
Institution
12th Grade
These notes are provide detailed information on the momentum and impulse chapter in the Mind Action Series Physical Science Grade 12 textbook. These notes are colourful, have diagrams for further explanation and are very easily understood.
Chapter 2
{ momentum } { impulse }
amount effort needed to change for obj to change momentum,
motion of obj depend on mass (kg)
& velocity (m.s-1 w/ direction) Fnet must act & must be applied
for period of time
definition: Definition:
o the product of the mass & velocity o The product of the net force & the
of an object contact time
o a vector & is the same direction as o Is a vector quantity & is same
the velocity vector
direction as net force
Momentum = mass x velocity Impulse = force x time
P = mv J = Fnet Δ t
o Measured in kg.m.s-1 Δ
o Is a vector ∴ DIRECTION
Impulse = change in momentum
CHANGE IN MOMENTUM Fnet Δt = Δp
N.S = kg.m.s-1
Momentum (p) changes when Fres
acts on obj units of J = identical to unit of Δp
Therefore we can say:
o if M = constant, Δp = caused by Δv
Fnet Δt = m(vf-vi)
Change In Momentum = mass x change in
velocity vf−vi
a =
Δt
Δ p = mvf-Vi
therefore
Δ p = m(vf-vi)
Δp
Δ p = m Δv Fnet =
Δt
o If final momentum (P) has neg sign, M(vf−vi)
means has changed direction =
Δt
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION = ma
IN TERMS OF MOMENTUM INCREASING IMPULSE
o X change F but by incr period, we can
Definition: incr impulse & Δp of ball
o the net force acting on an object is o Gives greater Δv bcz mass =
equal to the rate of change of constant
momentum.
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion =
REDUCE FORCE
relationship betw net force acting Cars have crumple zones, airbag & seatbelts
on obj & acc of obj due to that force in order to increase period ∴ the force
decreases (bcz decreases Δp & Δv)
➢ Fnet = ma
acc = the rate of change in velocity { represented graphically }
• if a net force acts on an object, its impulse = area below graph
velocity changes ∴ momentum changes • Fnet = y-axis
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