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Samenvatting Strafrecht 2e jaar, AP Hogeschool

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Volledige samenvatting van het vak Strafrecht, gegeven door dhr. Van Santvliet Paul.

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  • March 26, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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STRAFRECHT



Inhoud
1. Inleiding tot de studie van het strafrecht.................................................................................................. 5

1.1 Begripsbepaling.............................................................................................................................. 5

2. De strafwet............................................................................................................................................... 7

2.1. Legaliteitsbeginsel.......................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Bronnen.......................................................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Interpretatie van wetten................................................................................................................. 8

2.4 Materieel vs formeel strafrecht....................................................................................................... 8

2.5 Codificatie van strafrecht................................................................................................................ 8

2.6 Het Strafwetboek............................................................................................................................ 9

3.Werking van de strafwet.......................................................................................................................... 10

3.1 Werking van de strafwet in de tijd................................................................................................ 10

Niet-retroactiviteit van de Strafwet............................................................................................. 10

3.2 Werking van de strafwet in de ruimte........................................................................................... 10

3.2.1 Misdrijven buiten België = extra territorialiteit (uitzonderingsregel art. 4 SW).......................11

1. Actief personaliteitsbeginsel................................................................................................... 11

2. Passief personaliteitsbeginsel................................................................................................. 13

3. Universaliteitsbeginsel............................................................................................................ 13

3.3 Werking van de strafwet t.a.v. personen,...................................................................................... 15

4.Misdrijven................................................................................................................................................ 16

4.1 Indeling van de misdrijven................................................................................................................ 16

4.1.1. Wettelijke indeling van de misdrijven........................................................................................ 16

4.1.1.1 Bepalingen........................................................................................................................... 17

A. Voorlopige bepaling............................................................................................................... 17

B. Definitieve bepaling................................................................................................................ 17

4.1.2 Indeling misdrijven volgens hun aard.........................................................................................18

A. Politieke misdrijven................................................................................................................. 18

B. Drukpersmisdrijven (art. 150 GW, vgl. art. 19 en 25 GW)........................................................19

4.1.3 Indeling misdrijven volgens materiële uitvoeringswijze.............................................................19

A. Aflopende en voortdurende misdrijven.................................................................................. 19

B. Enkelvoudige en voortgezette misdrijven................................................................................ 19


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C. Gelegenheidsmisdrijven en gewoontemisdrijven...................................................................19

4.2 Bestanddelen van het misdrijf........................................................................................................... 21

4.2.1 Materieel bestanddeel............................................................................................................... 21

1. Waarneembare gedraging...................................................................................................... 21

2. Causaliteit................................................................................................................................ 21

3. Equivalentieleer....................................................................................................................... 22

4. Wederrechtelijkheid............................................................................................................... 22

4.2.2 Moreel bestanddeel................................................................................................................... 22

4.2.2.1 Opzet (dolus)....................................................................................................................... 22

A. Algemeen opzet vs. bijzonder opzet........................................................................................ 22

B. Bepaald opzet vs. onbepaald opzet......................................................................................... 23

C. Direct opzet vs. eventueel opzet............................................................................................23

4.2.2.2 Onachtzaamheid (culpa)..................................................................................................... 23

4.3 Modaliteiten van het misdrijf............................................................................................................ 24

4.3.1 Verzwarende omstandigheden................................................................................................... 24

A. Subjectief verzwarende omstandigheden ‘in personam’........................................................24

.................................................................................................................................................... 24

B. Objectief verzwarende omstandigheden ‘in rem’....................................................................24

4.3.2 Poging (art. 51-53 sW)................................................................................................................ 25

4.3.2.1 Voorwaarden strafbare poging............................................................................................ 26

4.3.2.2 Ondeugdelijke poging.......................................................................................................... 26

A. Relatief ondeugdelijke poging................................................................................................. 26

B. Absoluut/volstrekt ondeugdelijke poging...............................................................................26

4.3.2.3 Bestraffing van de poging.................................................................................................... 26

4.3.3 Deelneming (art. 66-69 SW)....................................................................................................... 27

A. Deelneming als mededader..................................................................................................... 27

B. Deelneming als medeplichtige................................................................................................. 27

4.3.4 Rechtvaardigingsgronden........................................................................................................... 28

4.3.4.1 Objectieve rechtvaardigheidsgronden................................................................................. 28

A. Wettelijk voorschrift en bevel van de overheid.......................................................................28

B. Wettige verdediging (art. 416 SW).......................................................................................... 29

C. Toestemming van het slachtoffer............................................................................................ 29


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4.3.4.2 Subjectieve rechtvaardigheidsgronden................................................................................ 30

A. Niet-toerekeningsvatbaar....................................................................................................... 30

B. Niet-toerekenbaar................................................................................................................... 31

4.3.5 Verschoningsgronden................................................................................................................. 32

4.3.5.1 Strafuitsluitende verschoningsgronden (art. 78 SW)...........................................................32

4.3.5.2 Strafverminderende verschoningsgronden.........................................................................32

5. Sancties en straf...................................................................................................................................... 33

5.1 Begrip sanctie en straf....................................................................................................................... 33

5.2 Indeling van straffen......................................................................................................................... 34

5.2.1 Driedelige indeling van straffen.................................................................................................. 34

A. Criminele straffen................................................................................................................... 34

B. Correctionele straffen............................................................................................................. 34

C. Politiestraffen......................................................................................................................... 34

5.2.2 Andere indeling van straffen...................................................................................................... 35

5.2.2.1 Hoofdstraffen...................................................................................................................... 35

A. Vrijheidsstraffen...................................................................................................................... 35

B. Werkstraf (sedert 2002) (AWS = autonome werkstraf)...........................................................36

C. Straf elektronisch toezicht (afdeling 5ter SW).........................................................................36

D. Autonome probatiestraf (APS) (art. 37septies e.v. SW)...........................................................37

E. Geldboete (als hoofdstraf)....................................................................................................... 37

5.2.2.2 Bijkomende straffen............................................................................................................ 38

A. Geldboete............................................................................................................................... 38

B. Bijzondere verbeurdverklaring................................................................................................ 38

C. Andere bijkomende straffen.................................................................................................... 39

5.2.3 Beveiligings- en beschermingsmaatregelen................................................................................ 39

5.2.3.1 Minderjarigen...................................................................................................................... 39

5.2.3.2 Internering.......................................................................................................................... 40

6. Straftoemeting........................................................................................................................................ 41

6.1 Strafvermindering............................................................................................................................. 41

6.1.1 Verzachtende omstandigheden.................................................................................................. 41

6.1.2 Strafverminderende verschoningsgronden................................................................................41

6.1.3 Samenloop................................................................................................................................. 42


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6.1.3.1 Eendaadse samenloop (art. 65 SW)..................................................................................... 42

6.1.3.2 Meerdaadse samenloop...................................................................................................... 42

6.2 Strafverzwaring................................................................................................................................. 43

6.2.1 Strafverzwarende omstandigheden...........................................................................................43

6.2.2 herhaling.................................................................................................................................... 43

6.2.2.1 Wettelijke herhaling............................................................................................................ 43

6.2.2.2 Bijzondere herhaling............................................................................................................ 44

7. Modaliteiten van de straf........................................................................................................................ 45

7.1 Probatiewet van 29 juni 1964............................................................................................................ 45

7.1.2 Opschorting................................................................................................................................ 45

7.1.2.1 Herroeping opschorting....................................................................................................... 45

7.1.3 Uitstel......................................................................................................................................... 46

7.1.3.1 Herroeping uitstel................................................................................................................ 46

7.1.4 Probatie...................................................................................................................................... 47

7.1.4.1 APS...................................................................................................................................... 47

7.2 Straftoemeting bij overschrijding redelijke termijn...........................................................................48

8. Strafuitvoering........................................................................................................................................ 49

8.1 Gevangenis........................................................................................................................................ 49

8.1.1 Onmiddelijke aanhouding.......................................................................................................... 49

8.1.2 Na voorlopige hechtenis............................................................................................................ 49

8.2 Strafuitvoeringsrechtbank................................................................................................................. 49

8.3 Straf onder elektronisch toezicht (SET)............................................................................................. 50

8.4 Werkstraf.......................................................................................................................................... 50

8.5 Autonome probatiestraf.................................................................................................................... 50

8.6 Geldboete......................................................................................................................................... 50

8.7 Varia.................................................................................................................................................. 50




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