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Samenvatting Strafrecht 2e jaar, AP Hogeschool
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Volledige samenvatting van het vak Strafrecht, gegeven door dhr. Van Santvliet Paul.
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STRAFRECHTInhoud
1. Inleiding tot de studie van het strafrecht.................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Begripsbepaling.............................................................................................................................. 5
2. De strafwet............................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1. Legaliteitsbeginsel.......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Bronnen.......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Interpretatie van wetten................................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Materieel vs formeel strafrecht....................................................................................................... 8
2.5 Codificatie van strafrecht................................................................................................................ 8
2.6 Het Strafwetboek............................................................................................................................ 9
3.Werking van de strafwet.......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Werking van de strafwet in de tijd................................................................................................ 10
Niet-retroactiviteit van de Strafwet............................................................................................. 10
3.2 Werking van de strafwet in de ruimte........................................................................................... 10
3.2.1 Misdrijven buiten België = extra territorialiteit (uitzonderingsregel art. 4 SW).......................11
1. Actief personaliteitsbeginsel................................................................................................... 11
2. Passief personaliteitsbeginsel................................................................................................. 13
3. Universaliteitsbeginsel............................................................................................................ 13
3.3 Werking van de strafwet t.a.v. personen,...................................................................................... 15
4.Misdrijven................................................................................................................................................ 16
4.1 Indeling van de misdrijven................................................................................................................ 16
4.1.1. Wettelijke indeling van de misdrijven........................................................................................ 16
4.1.1.1 Bepalingen........................................................................................................................... 17
A. Voorlopige bepaling............................................................................................................... 17
B. Definitieve bepaling................................................................................................................ 17
4.1.2 Indeling misdrijven volgens hun aard.........................................................................................18
A. Politieke misdrijven................................................................................................................. 18
B. Drukpersmisdrijven (art. 150 GW, vgl. art. 19 en 25 GW)........................................................19
4.1.3 Indeling misdrijven volgens materiële uitvoeringswijze.............................................................19
A. Aflopende en voortdurende misdrijven.................................................................................. 19
B. Enkelvoudige en voortgezette misdrijven................................................................................ 19
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C. Gelegenheidsmisdrijven en gewoontemisdrijven...................................................................19
4.2 Bestanddelen van het misdrijf........................................................................................................... 21
4.2.1 Materieel bestanddeel............................................................................................................... 21
1. Waarneembare gedraging...................................................................................................... 21
2. Causaliteit................................................................................................................................ 21
3. Equivalentieleer....................................................................................................................... 22
4. Wederrechtelijkheid............................................................................................................... 22
4.2.2 Moreel bestanddeel................................................................................................................... 22
4.2.2.1 Opzet (dolus)....................................................................................................................... 22
A. Algemeen opzet vs. bijzonder opzet........................................................................................ 22
B. Bepaald opzet vs. onbepaald opzet......................................................................................... 23
C. Direct opzet vs. eventueel opzet............................................................................................23
4.2.2.2 Onachtzaamheid (culpa)..................................................................................................... 23
4.3 Modaliteiten van het misdrijf............................................................................................................ 24
4.3.1 Verzwarende omstandigheden................................................................................................... 24
A. Subjectief verzwarende omstandigheden ‘in personam’........................................................24
.................................................................................................................................................... 24
B. Objectief verzwarende omstandigheden ‘in rem’....................................................................24
4.3.2 Poging (art. 51-53 sW)................................................................................................................ 25
4.3.2.1 Voorwaarden strafbare poging............................................................................................ 26
4.3.2.2 Ondeugdelijke poging.......................................................................................................... 26
A. Relatief ondeugdelijke poging................................................................................................. 26
B. Absoluut/volstrekt ondeugdelijke poging...............................................................................26
4.3.2.3 Bestraffing van de poging.................................................................................................... 26
4.3.3 Deelneming (art. 66-69 SW)....................................................................................................... 27
A. Deelneming als mededader..................................................................................................... 27
B. Deelneming als medeplichtige................................................................................................. 27
4.3.4 Rechtvaardigingsgronden........................................................................................................... 28
4.3.4.1 Objectieve rechtvaardigheidsgronden................................................................................. 28
A. Wettelijk voorschrift en bevel van de overheid.......................................................................28
B. Wettige verdediging (art. 416 SW).......................................................................................... 29
C. Toestemming van het slachtoffer............................................................................................ 29
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4.3.4.2 Subjectieve rechtvaardigheidsgronden................................................................................ 30
A. Niet-toerekeningsvatbaar....................................................................................................... 30
B. Niet-toerekenbaar................................................................................................................... 31
4.3.5 Verschoningsgronden................................................................................................................. 32
4.3.5.1 Strafuitsluitende verschoningsgronden (art. 78 SW)...........................................................32
4.3.5.2 Strafverminderende verschoningsgronden.........................................................................32
5. Sancties en straf...................................................................................................................................... 33
5.1 Begrip sanctie en straf....................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Indeling van straffen......................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.1 Driedelige indeling van straffen.................................................................................................. 34
A. Criminele straffen................................................................................................................... 34
B. Correctionele straffen............................................................................................................. 34
C. Politiestraffen......................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.2 Andere indeling van straffen...................................................................................................... 35
5.2.2.1 Hoofdstraffen...................................................................................................................... 35
A. Vrijheidsstraffen...................................................................................................................... 35
B. Werkstraf (sedert 2002) (AWS = autonome werkstraf)...........................................................36
C. Straf elektronisch toezicht (afdeling 5ter SW).........................................................................36
D. Autonome probatiestraf (APS) (art. 37septies e.v. SW)...........................................................37
E. Geldboete (als hoofdstraf)....................................................................................................... 37
5.2.2.2 Bijkomende straffen............................................................................................................ 38
A. Geldboete............................................................................................................................... 38
B. Bijzondere verbeurdverklaring................................................................................................ 38
C. Andere bijkomende straffen.................................................................................................... 39
5.2.3 Beveiligings- en beschermingsmaatregelen................................................................................ 39
5.2.3.1 Minderjarigen...................................................................................................................... 39
5.2.3.2 Internering.......................................................................................................................... 40
6. Straftoemeting........................................................................................................................................ 41
6.1 Strafvermindering............................................................................................................................. 41
6.1.1 Verzachtende omstandigheden.................................................................................................. 41
6.1.2 Strafverminderende verschoningsgronden................................................................................41
6.1.3 Samenloop................................................................................................................................. 42
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6.1.3.1 Eendaadse samenloop (art. 65 SW)..................................................................................... 42
6.1.3.2 Meerdaadse samenloop...................................................................................................... 42
6.2 Strafverzwaring................................................................................................................................. 43
6.2.1 Strafverzwarende omstandigheden...........................................................................................43
6.2.2 herhaling.................................................................................................................................... 43
6.2.2.1 Wettelijke herhaling............................................................................................................ 43
6.2.2.2 Bijzondere herhaling............................................................................................................ 44
7. Modaliteiten van de straf........................................................................................................................ 45
7.1 Probatiewet van 29 juni 1964............................................................................................................ 45
7.1.2 Opschorting................................................................................................................................ 45
7.1.2.1 Herroeping opschorting....................................................................................................... 45
7.1.3 Uitstel......................................................................................................................................... 46
7.1.3.1 Herroeping uitstel................................................................................................................ 46
7.1.4 Probatie...................................................................................................................................... 47
7.1.4.1 APS...................................................................................................................................... 47
7.2 Straftoemeting bij overschrijding redelijke termijn...........................................................................48
8. Strafuitvoering........................................................................................................................................ 49
8.1 Gevangenis........................................................................................................................................ 49
8.1.1 Onmiddelijke aanhouding.......................................................................................................... 49
8.1.2 Na voorlopige hechtenis............................................................................................................ 49
8.2 Strafuitvoeringsrechtbank................................................................................................................. 49
8.3 Straf onder elektronisch toezicht (SET)............................................................................................. 50
8.4 Werkstraf.......................................................................................................................................... 50
8.5 Autonome probatiestraf.................................................................................................................... 50
8.6 Geldboete......................................................................................................................................... 50
8.7 Varia.................................................................................................................................................. 50
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