1.Which of the following was first to publish a heliocentric explanation of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by
Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543.
2.Which of the following was first to see the planets, the m...
1.Which of the following was first to publish a heliocentric explanation of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by
Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543.
2.Which of the following was first to see the planets, the moons, and the sun up very close for
human study and observation?
Galileo
3.The church establishment at the time viewed Galileo as which of the following words?
foolish and absurd in philosophy and formally heretical.
4.The word Gravity is Latin for which of the following?
Latin for weight force( all living objects)
5. Which of the following would insert very thick needles in between his eye and the bone around
the eye in order to study optics?
Isaac Newton (1642–1727)
6. Which of the following phrases is attributed to Francis Bacon?
“Knowledge is power.”
There is but one course left … to try the whole thing anew upon a better pla
n, and to commence a total reconstruction of sciences, arts, and all human
knowledge, raised upon the proper foundations.”
“content to begin with doubts,”
they shall end with certainties.”
7. Which of the following best explains why a civil war in England developed between 1642 and
1646?
Once the Monarchy was restored, all of Parliament's efforts to extend more control over the
colonies caused greater and greater friction.
last decades of Queen Elizabeth
parliament versus the king
the full of Charles Stuart and Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth
the restoration of the monarchy
8. Which of the following is most responsible for discovering and articulating the laws of the
universe?
333
, Chapter 13 The Age of Dissent and Division, 1500–1564 334
Isaac Newton (1642–1727)
9. Which of the following was the first time in history that a reigning king had been legally deposed
and then executed?
Charles Stuart was publicly beheaded on January 30, 1649—marking the firs
t time in history that a reigning king had been legally deposed and executed
.
10. Which of the following authored "The Leviathan" in 1651?
Thomas Hobbes
11. Which of the following believed that people must surrender their liberties to a sovereign state,
in exchange for the state's obligation to keep the peace?
In England, experience of the Civil War led Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) to
propose a different theory of state sovereignty in his treatise Leviathan (165
1). Whereas Bodin assumed that sovereign power should be vested in a mo
narch, Hobbes argued that any form of government capable of protecting its
subjects’ lives and property might act as an all-powerful sovereign.
Hobbes’s conviction of the need for a strong state arose from his pessimistic
view of human nature. The “state of nature” that existed before governmen
t, he wrote, was “war of all against all.” Because man naturally behaves as “
a wolf” toward other men, human life without government is “solitary, poor,
nasty, brutish, and short.” To escape such consequences, people must sur
render their liberties to a sovereign state, in exchange for the stat
e’s obligation to keep the peace. Bodin saw the ultimate goal of the stat
e as the protection of property, whereas Hobbes saw it as the preservation
of people’s lives, even at the expense of their liberties.
12. Who was in charge of England during the period that England was a "protectorate"?
Cromwell
13. Which philosopher argued for the restoration of the English monarchy?
, Chapter 13 The Age of Dissent and Division, 1500–1564 335
Historian Roger Baker argues that the Restoration and Charles' coronation mark a
reversal of the stringent Puritan morality, "as though the pendulum [of England's
morality] swung from repression to licence more or less overnight". [18] Theatres
reopened after having been closed during the protectorship of Oliver
Cromwell, Puritanism lost its momentum, and the bawdy "Restoration comedy"
became a recognisable genre. In addition, women were allowed to perform on the
commercial stage as professional actresses for the first time.
In Scotland, Episcopacy was reinstated.
14. Which of the following was the sun king?
Louis XIV
15. Why did absolutism have appeal to some Europeans?
Jean Bodin and Thomas Hobbes looked to strong royal governments as an answer to the violence
of religious wars and the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
16. Which of the following was overthrown in the England's Glorious revolution?
King James II 1688
17. Who was invited by England's parliament to invade and take over the country in the Glorious
Revolution of 1688?
William of Orange (protestant ) and Mary Stuart
18. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 resulted in which of the following documents being written?
The Bill of Rights, 1689
19. The Glorious Revolution in England made which of the following sovereign over the monarch?
parliaments
, Chapter 13 The Age of Dissent and Division, 1500–1564 336
20. The birth of "warming-pan baby" led to which of the following?
With the birth of the “warming-pan baby,” events moved swiftly toward a cli
max. A delegation of Whigs and
page504
Tories crossed the channel to Holland to invite Mary Stuart and her Protesta
nt husband, William of Orange, to cross to England with an invading army to
preserve English Protestantism and English liberties by summoning a new P
arliament. As the leader of a continental coalition, then at war with France,
William also welcomed the opportunity to make England an ally against Loui
s XIV’s expansionist foreign policy.
21. The triad of life, liberty, and property was most famously popularized through the writings of
which of the following?
John Locke
22. Who authored "Two Treatises of Government"?
John Locke
23. Which of the following was the only philosophy both Hobbes and Locke could both agree on:
social connect theory
24. England officially became a constitutional monarchy after which of the following?
Although Parliament never codified the legal provisions of this form of mona
rchy into one constitutional document, historians consider the settlement of
1688 as a founding moment in the development of a constitutional monarch
y in Britain.
25. Which of the following represents King Louis 14th's religious policy?
persecuted quietsts and jansenists.
Banned protestants.
revoked edict of nantes.
At the same time, he supported the Jesuits in their efforts to create a Counter-
Reformation Catholic Church in France. Louis’s support for the Jesuits upset the
traditional Gallican Catholics of France, however, who desired a French church i
ndependent of papal, Jesuit, and Spanish influence. As a result of this dissensio
n among Catholics, the religious aura of Louis’s kingship diminished during the
course of his reign.
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