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Youth Culture in a Digital World Samenvatting Artikelen
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McHale S., Dotterer A. and Kim J.An ecological perspective on the media and youth development
Abstract (or parts of abstract)
From an ecological perspective, daily activities are both a cause and a consequence of youth
development. Youth’s daily activities, in turn, both influence and are influenced by the multilayered
ecology within which their lives are embedded, an ecology that ranges from the proximal contexts of
everyday life (e.g. family, peer group) to the larger political, economic legal and cultural contexts of
the larger society.
Important
- The goal provide an overview of the tenets of an ecological perspective and consider their
implications for the study of youth and the media.
- Individuals with different characteristics and from different settings respond differently to
similar experiences, and individuals with different characteristics evoke different reactions
from other in their contexts, which in turn have different developmental implications.
Conclusion and further research
An ecological perspective sees daily activities as having implications for development. It also directs
attention to contextual influences – conceptualized as processes that provide opportunities for and
constraints on youth’s activities – and the role youth play in their own development by virtue of their
dispositions, the reactions they evoke from others, their choices, and their interpretations of their
experiences. Solution: bringing together researchers from multiple disciplines who can provide
alternative approaches to thinking about and investigating the role of media in youth development.
(Literature) Research provided support for the ecological perspective.
Slater. M
Reinforcing spirals model: conceptualizing the relationship between media content
exposure and the development and maintenance of attitudes
Abstract (or parts of abstract)
RSM seeks to understand media’s role in helping create and sustain both durable and more transient
attitudes, as well as behaviors associated with those attitudes. RSM suggests contingencies that may
lead to homeostasis (balance in which attitudes are maintained in face of competing worldviews) or
encourage certain individuals or groups to extreme polarization of such attitudes. It proposes social
cognitive mechanisms that may be responsible for attitude maintenance and reinforcement.
Important
- Difference cultivation theory and RSM: cultivation theory is concerned with the influence of
elements of media content which are relatively uniform and disseminated broadly through
society via major media broadcast outlets or distribution channels. RSM is concerned with
selection of differentiated media content consistent with and reflecting values of subgroups
within a larger society.
- Media use serves as both an outcome variable and a predictor variable in many social
processes.
- RSM predictions were supported for adolescent males, but not for females, in the context of
sexually explicit Internet content.
- Identity threat is important as identity-specific media use may increase when threat
increases, but diminish as threats become less salient and other identities and interests
compete for time.
Conclusion and further research
Model seeks to describe role of selective exposure and media influence in the socialization process.
Some media content is more strongly associated with certain identities than others. RSM is a
conceptual framework from which other theorists can draw in creating context-specific theories.
RSM may lead to greater understanding of the role of media and other communicative processes in
socialization and maintenance of attitudes. Hopes it helps in more theoretical and empirical work
, acknowledging the complex, dynamic and endogenous role of media within a complex and changing
social environment.
Valkenburg P., Peter J., Walther, J.
Media effects: theory and research
Abstract (or parts of abstract)
Five features of media effects theories, each of these specifies the conditions under which media
may produce effects on certain types of individuals. Discussion of media effects in newer media
environments. Theories of computer-mediated communication, development of which appears to
share a similar pattern of reformulation from unidirectional to theories that recognize the
transactional nature of communication.
Important
- Mass self-communication = media users select media content to serve their own needs,
regardless of whether those needs match the intent of generator of the content. It studies the effects
of media generation on the generators themselves.
- Goal assess the most important media effects theories that have emerged in the past four
decades and to chart the development of media effects thinking from its roots in assumptions about
unidirectional effects to contemporary recognition of complex reciprocal interactions.
- Five features: 1) selectivity of media use (uses-and-gratifications, selective exposure theory),
2) media properties as predictors (modality, content properties, structural properties, social cognitive
theory, priming theory), 3) media effects are indirect, 4) media effects are conditional (individual
difference and social context variables), 5) media effects are transactional (reciprocal causal
relationships between different variables)
- CMC (computer-mediated communication theories) = focused on discovering, and
comparing, the psychological and behavioral effects of face-to-face communication to those of CMC.
How communicating online in large-scale networks of strangers differs from proximal interactions
with known partners.
Conclusion and future research
Our media use not only be more selective, another trend is that the media messages we receive are
increasingly more selected for us. Personalization of media further allows media users to select their
own media content. Future research should address the underlying mechanisms and contingent
conditions under which personalized media content may exert positive or negative transactional
influences. A final trend in communication technologies that may enhance the likelihood of media
effects is the increasing lifelike visualization in both mass communication and mass self-
communication.
Miranda D.
The role of music in adolescent development: much more than the same old song
Abstract
Aims at informing on current knowledge of how music listening can play a role in the psychosocial
development of adolescents. Three arguments: music influences important aspects of adolescent
development; music can represent a protective and a risk factor; and music can serve as an adjunct
component in prevention and intervention. Research on developmental role of music can create a
window to the everyday psychological, social, and cultural needs of contemporary adolescents.
Important
- Goal build bridges between psychology of music and developmental psychology in
adolescence.
- Biological influences: music activates certain brain parts in pleasure, stress and social
bonding. Psychological influences: helps to better understand emotions (coping, emotion regulation).
Social influences: manage social impressions and other persons views (social bonding, gender roles.
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