Summary
BBS1004 summary: complete and clear!
- Course
- Institution
full summary of BBS1004, all the concepts, brain structures, mechanisms/ processes and knowledge you need to know for this course!
[Show more]
7 reviews
By: taliaversavel • 8 months ago
By: anoukherings10 • 1 year ago
By: nivethasatkunarajah38 • 1 year ago
By: ramarihawi • 1 year ago
By: melisasancar • 1 year ago
By: smmivanrooijen • 1 year ago
By: avjmercier • 1 year ago
Seller
Follow
farahahssan
Reviews received
Content preview
Case 1 How is the brain organized? The start of new insights.1. Macroscopic anatomy of the CNS, the brain and spinal cord:
Early development:
Two vesicles emerge from the prosencephalon: the telencephalon and the diencephalon. The mesencephalon
remains undivided throughout brain development, the rhombencephalon gives rise to the metencephalon and the
myelencephalon.
Central nervous system:
The central nervous system consists of the spinal cord and brain:
Spinal Cord:
- participates in the the transmission of both sensory information in the white matter axon tracts that ascend to
the brain and motor information in the descending tracts.
- Each spinal cord segment contains a pair of nerve roots called the dorsal and ventral roots.
- Dorsal roots contain sensory axons, which transmit sensory information into the spinal cord. Ventral roots
contain motor axons, which transmit motor commands to muscle and other body organs.
,Brainstem and cerebellum:
Consists of the medulla, the pons and the midbrain, it has 3 main functions:
- receiving sensory information from cranial structures and controlling the muscles of the head
- conducting information because ascending sensory and descending motor tracts travel through it.
- integrating diverse information from a variety of sources for arousal, behavioral responses to the environment,
and other higher brain functions.
- the principal functions of the cerebellum are to regulate eye and limb movements and to maintain posture and
balance.
Diencephalon:
Consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus:
Thalamus:
- transmits information to the cerebral hemispheres.
- is composed of several nuclei
Hypothalamus:
Controls endocrine hormone release from the pituitary gland and the overall functions of the autonomic nervous
system.
,Cerebral hemispheres:
Each brain hemisphere consists of: the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala, and basal ganglia.
The cerebral cortex is highly convoluted, the elevated convolutions are called gyri and are separated by grooves
called sulci or fissures (deep sulci). The cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by the sagittal fissure.
Frontal lobe:
-serves diverse behavioral functions, from thoughts to action, cognition, and emotions.
- the precentral gyrus contains the primary motor cortex, which participates in controlling the mechanical actions
of movement. The premotor areas are adjacent to the primary motor cortex.
- the frontal lobe consists mainly of the association cortex.
Parietal lobe:
- is separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus.
- mediates perceptions of touch, pain, and limb position, carried out by the primary somatic sensory cortex
(located in the postcentral gyrus).
Occipital lobe:
-separated from the parietal lobe on the medial brain surface by the parietooccipital sulcus.
- the occipital lobe plays an important role in vision.
- the primary visual cortex is located in the walls of the calcarine fissure on the medial brain surface.
Temporal lobe:
- separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by the lateral sulcus (or Sylvian fissure)
- participates in memory and emotions
- consists of 3 parts: superior temporal gyrus, the middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus.
, Insular lobe:
Deep in the lateral sulcus are portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes called the insular cortex. The
insular cortex plays an important role in taste, internal body senses, pain and balance.
Corpus callosum:
The corpus callosum contains axons that interconnect the cortex of the two sides of the brain.
Cavities of CNS:
The ventricular system consists of cavities filled by cerebrospinal fluid located in the CNS. The cerebrospinal fluid is
a watery fluid secreted in the choroid plexus, it reduces physical shocks and plays and important role in chemical
communication.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller farahahssan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.25. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75057 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now