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Samenvatting autonoom zenuwstelsel
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Samenvatting van het achtste hoofdstuk anatomie en fysiologie van de inwendige organen en zenuwstelsel, schijf 1, semester 2: autonoom zenuwstelsel.
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Autonoom zenuwstelsel= vegetatief/onwillekeurig zenuwstelsel
• Efferent gedeelte van perifere zenuwstelsel
• Bestaat uit
o Sympathisch zenuwstelsel
o Parasympatisch zenuwstelsel
• Onbewuste/onwillekeurige regeling van lichaamsfuncties
o Circulatie-, spijsvertering-, urineweg-, ademhalingsstelsel & huid
o Handhaving homeostase
= constant houden van inwendig milieu door regelmechanismen
▪ Lichaamstemperatuur
▪ CO2, O2-concentratie
▪ Bloeddruk
▪ Glucose in bloed
▪ …
o Overleven op korte/lange termijn
1
, 1. Autonoom vs somatisch zenuwstelsel
1.1 Somatisch
Neuron → skeletspier
Motorische neuronen sturen direct de effector aan:
• Skeletspier
1.2 Autonoom
Preganglionaire neuron → autonome ganglia buiten CZS → postganglionaire neuron → effector
ZS ontspringt vanuit de viscero-motorische kernen van de hypothalamus
• Altijd door een 2e motorische neuron van de perifere effector gescheiden!
• Motorische neuron (= preganglionaire neuron) stuurt axonen naar autonome ganglia buiten
CZS
• In ganglia: axonen van preganglionaire neuron worden verbonden via de synapsen met
postganglionaire neuronen
• De postganglionaire neuronen gaan de effector aansturen:
o Hartspier
o Gladde spieren
o Klieren
o Vetcellen
2
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