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Summary TEX2601 - Writing Skills For The Communication Industry Lesson 2 $5.52
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Summary TEX2601 - Writing Skills For The Communication Industry Lesson 2

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Summarised TEX2601 Lesson 2 ( no answers to assignment)

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  • March 31, 2022
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TEX2601 Lesson 2




Altern
introduction ative
INTRODUCTION
The Y and hourglass structures summarise key facts first, followed by rest

Struct

of information.
 Documenting paragraphs are different from IPF.



y structure ures
Y STRUCTURE
 Also known as champagne or martini method.
 Rewards reader by ending article with something important or surprising.
 End of article is important, and harder to edit, and longer in length
because they recap events in detail.
 Framework consists of the following:
1. IPF summary lead: logical summary of important
events based on common wh-questions (what, why,
when, where and who)
2. Transition: brief statement indicating article is
moving on from summary lead and now focus on
detailed account of event.
3. Chronological explanation of events: event retold,
blow-by-blow, in chronological order with details.
4. Kicker: final statement, leaves reader in awe, shock, surprise or
thinking. Can take form of quote, joke, fact, or twist.
 Y-structure is not about summarising events.
 Chronological explanation of events helps understand reported events
better and ending packs a punch (difference between IPF and Y-structure)
 Works well for articles about complicated sequences, crime stories and
sports reporting.

HOURGLASS STRUCTURE
hourglass structure
 Framework that summarises main event followed by a shift in focus of
article (focus on related stories).
 Structure suits two types of readers; impatient (only wants to know what
happened) and curious (invested in story).
 Tend to be longer and mostly used for feature-type contributions.
 Combines IPF and narrative style reporting; contains following
components:
1. Summary Lead: identical to IPF, used to summarise
important facts by answering wh-questions.
Paragraphs following lead are used to flesh out main
facts in order events took place. Forms first bowl of
hourglass.

1

, 2. Turn: brief statement/short paragraph notifies reader that article is
shifting focus from main event to second (related) story. Turn
indicates transition.
3. Narrative: second bowl tells a story. Story is told chronologically and
divided into three sections; beginning, middle, and end, contains
detail, dialogue, and background info.
 Not ideal for reporting hard news only. Author needs greater command in
writing the narrative part. Need to provide more detail and understand
topic in a deeper level to aid documenting the mood and psychology
involved.


THEthe
NUTnut
GRAPH
graph
 Not all articles aim to summarise the important facts of an event. Instead,
engage with information to make sense of it.
 Different frameworks apply to bringing this kind of article to life, but one
thing most of them have in common is the nut graph (also spelt nutgraph
and nutgraf).
 Meant to provide context and explain what direction the article is taking.
 Soft lead precedes and complements the nut graph.


THEthe
SOFTsoft
LEADlead
 Soft leads (also known as delayed leads) do not summarise the main facts
by answering common wh-questions.
 Function as appetisers; gimmicks to get the reader interested through
atmosphere, mood, curiosity and by setting a scene. Soft leads questions,
highlight interesting perspectives, describe something in detail or capture
a moment.
 Fedler (1989:115-126); types of soft leads:
1. Anecdote/Example (“delayed/buried lead”): introductory paragraph
sketches an interesting example (or anecdote) and thereby
establishes the theme of the report. The story returns to the actual
event only afterwards.
2. Quotation: in which a person is usually the focal point, appropriate
to begin report with a quotation of a statement the person made. In
other cases, the report can begin with a statement that
newsworthy, and the best place to put it is in the introductory
paragraph. Main goal is to capture attention. Quotations only
appear if they meet the following requirements:
 Sources states something so effectively journalist cannot put
it in a better way.
 Quotation sums up whole event/theme and is short and
succinct.
 Quotation is self-explanatory.
 Statement is sensational.
3. Question: is a good lead – if it is short, simple, and specific and of a
nature that one will feel compelled to answer. Succeeds when
question deals with controversial matter.

2

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