Contents
1 Bankbedrijf .................................................................................................................................8
1.1 Activiteiten van banken kunnen worden onderverdeeld in 4 categorieën ..................................8
1.1.1 Activiteiten uit hoofde van transformatiefunctie ................................................................8
1.1.2 Diensten op het gebied van betalingsverkeer .....................................................................8
1.1.3 Bemiddelingsactiviteiten en overige dienstverlening. .........................................................9
1.1.4 Handel op de financiële markten ........................................................................................9
1.2 Klantklassificatie........................................................................................................................9
1.3 Recente ontwikkelingen ..........................................................................................................10
1.3.1 Vierde rapport van de monitoring commissie code banken...............................................10
1.3.2 Bankierseed ......................................................................................................................10
1.3.3 Het Nederlandse bankwezen na vijf jaar turbulentie .........................................................10
1.3.4 Naar een nieuw financieringsmodel voor het depositogarantiestelsel...............................11
1.3.5 Een nieuwe stap op weg naar beheersbare systeembanken..............................................11
2 Particuliere dienstverlening............................................................................................................12
2.1 Particuliere klantsegmenten ....................................................................................................12
2.2 Financieren .............................................................................................................................12
2.2.1 Woningfinanciering ..........................................................................................................12
2.2.2 Consumptief krediet .........................................................................................................13
2.3 Spaarproducten.......................................................................................................................13
2.3.1 Betaalrekening .................................................................................................................13
2.3.2 Spaarvormen met direct opneembare tegoed ..................................................................13
2.3.3 Spaarvormen met niet-direct opneembare tegoed ...........................................................14
2.3.4 Spaarvormen voor specifieke doelgroepen .......................................................................14
2.4 Banksparen .............................................................................................................................14
2.4.1 Eigenwoningschuld ...........................................................................................................14
2.4.2 Oudedagsvoorziening .......................................................................................................15
2.4.3 Stamrecht .........................................................................................................................15
2.4.4 Depositogarantiestelsel ....................................................................................................15
2.5 Betaaldiensten ........................................................................................................................15
2.6. bemiddelings- en adviesactiviteiten aan particuliere relaties: .................................................16
2.6.1 Beleggen ..........................................................................................................................16
2.6.2 Verzekeren .......................................................................................................................17
2.6.3 Financial planning.............................................................................................................17
1
,3 Zakelijke dienstverlening ................................................................................................................17
3.2 Zakelijke kredietverlening........................................................................................................17
3.2.1 Korte kredietverlening ......................................................................................................17
3.2.2 Middellange kredietverlening ...........................................................................................18
3.3 Beleggen van overtollige liquiditeiten ......................................................................................19
3.3.2 Certificates of deposit .......................................................................................................19
3.3.3 Geldmarktfondsen ............................................................................................................19
3.4 Betalen en cashmanagement ..................................................................................................19
3.4.3 Cashmanagement .............................................................................................................19
3.5 Bemiddelings- en adviesdiensten aan zakelijke relaties: ..........................................................20
3.5.1 Investmentbanking ...........................................................................................................20
3.5.2 Vermogensbeheer ............................................................................................................21
3.5.3 Trustactiviteiten ...............................................................................................................21
3.5.4 Verzekeringen ..................................................................................................................21
3.5.5 Regelen van employee benefits ........................................................................................21
3.5.6 Financieel risicobeheer .....................................................................................................21
4 Zakelijke betaalproducten ..............................................................................................................22
4.1.2 Producten voor inkomende betalingen op afstand............................................................22
4.1.3 Producten voor toonbankbetalingen (betaler en ontvanger bevinden zich op dezelfde
locatie) ......................................................................................................................................22
4.1.4 Producten voor internetbetalingen ...................................................................................22
4.1.5 Producten voor mobiele betalingen ..................................................................................22
4.2 Mondiale betalingen ...............................................................................................................22
4.3 Welke producten voor blanco betalingen zijn er? ....................................................................23
4.3.1 Internationale overschrijving ............................................................................................23
4.3.2 Handelscheques en Bankcheques .....................................................................................23
4.4 Hoe worden chequebetalingen door banken afgehandeld? .....................................................23
4.5. Welke producten voor documentaire betalingen zijn er?........................................................23
4.6 Welke documenten worden bij documentair betalingsverkeer gebruikt? ................................23
4.6.1 Handeldocumenten: ........................................................................................................24
4.6.2 Financiële documenten: ...................................................................................................24
5 Harmonisatie van het Europese Betalingsverkeer ...........................................................................24
5.1 Efficiënt Europees betalingsverkeer.........................................................................................24
5.2 Regels voor een open en transparante betaalmarkt ................................................................24
5.3 Grensoverschrijdende betalingen in Euro ................................................................................25
5.4.2 Betrokken partijen ............................................................................................................25
2
, 5.4.3 Producten en systemen ....................................................................................................26
5.6 Iban en Bic ..............................................................................................................................26
5.8 Verwerking IBAN BIC rekeningnummers ..................................................................................26
6 Interbancaire afwikkeling van betalingen .......................................................................................27
6.1 Laagaardige en hoogwaardige betalingen ................................................................................27
6.2 Verwerking van enkelvoudige en meervoudige betalingen (batches) .......................................27
6.3 Europese aanpak van clearing en settlement ...........................................................................28
6.3.1 Target 2 ............................................................................................................................28
6.3.2 EURO1 ..............................................................................................................................29
6.3.3 STEP1 ...............................................................................................................................31
6.3.4 STEP2 ...............................................................................................................................31
6.4 Afwikkeling van mondiale betalingen ......................................................................................32
6.5 Afwikkeling van valutatransacties ............................................................................................32
7 Macro-Economische Analyse..........................................................................................................33
7.1 Vraag naar producten..............................................................................................................33
7.2 Conjunctuur ............................................................................................................................33
7.2 Inflatie.....................................................................................................................................35
7.2.3 Gevolgen inflatie en deflatie .............................................................................................35
7.3 Rente ......................................................................................................................................35
7.3.3 Nominale en reële rente. ..................................................................................................36
7.3.4 Yieldcurve .........................................................................................................................36
7.4 Wisselkoersen .........................................................................................................................36
7.4.1 Oorzaken van langetermijnveranderingen in de wisselkoers .............................................36
7.4.2 Oorzaken van kortetermijnveranderingen in de wisselkoers .............................................36
7.4.3 Cijfers macro-economische ontwikkeling ..........................................................................36
7.4.5 Interventies ......................................................................................................................36
7.5 Gevolgen van macro-economische ontwikkelingen voor de beleggingscategorieën .................36
7.5.1 Gevolgen van economische groei......................................................................................36
7.5.2 Gevolgen inflatie ..............................................................................................................37
7.5.3 Gevolgen van renteveranderingen ....................................................................................37
7.5.4 Gevolgen van veranderingen wisselkoersen......................................................................37
8 Monetair Beleid van de Europese Centrale Bank ............................................................................38
8.1 Organisatie en taken van de Europese Centrale Bank ..............................................................38
8.2 Werking van monetair beleid van ECB .....................................................................................39
8.2.1 Permanent tekort op geldmarkt .......................................................................................39
8.2.2 Steunoperaties .................................................................................................................39
3
, 8.3 Officiële rentetarieven van de ECB ..........................................................................................40
8.4 Relatie tussen marktrente van de banken en de officiële tarieven van de ECB .........................40
9 Balans en resultatenrekening van een Bank ...................................................................................40
9.1 Balans .....................................................................................................................................40
9.2 Activa van Banken ...................................................................................................................41
9.2.1 Liquide middelen ..............................................................................................................41
9.2.2 Vorderingen op banken ........................................................................................................41
9.2.3 Kredieten .............................................................................................................................41
9.2.4 Beleggingen ......................................................................................................................41
9.2.5 Deelnemingen ..................................................................................................................42
9.2.6 Onroerende zaken en bedrijfsmiddelen. ...........................................................................42
9.2.7 Overige activa ...................................................................................................................42
9.3 Passiva van Banken .................................................................................................................42
9.3.1 Verplichtingen tegenover de handelsportefeuille .............................................................42
9.3.2 Verplichtingen aan banken ...............................................................................................42
9.3.3. Toevertrouwde middelen ................................................................................................42
9.3.4 Schuldbewijzen.................................................................................................................43
9.3.5 Voorzieningen ..................................................................................................................43
9.3.6 Achtergestelde schulden ..................................................................................................43
9.3.7 Minderheidsbelang ...........................................................................................................44
9.4 Het eigen vermogen ................................................................................................................44
9.5 Aansprakelijke groepsvermogen ..............................................................................................45
9.6 Leverage ratio .........................................................................................................................46
9.7 Risicotoesting door middel van toetsingsvermogen .................................................................46
9.10 Resultatenrekening ...............................................................................................................48
9.10.2 Provisieresultaat .............................................................................................................48
9.10.3 Resultaat uit financiële transactie ...................................................................................49
9.10.4 Personeelskosten ...........................................................................................................49
9.11 Overige financiële overzichten in jaarrekening ......................................................................49
9.12 Waarderingsgrondslagen .......................................................................................................49
10 Renteresultaat .............................................................................................................................49
10.1 Marktrentemethode .............................................................................................................49
10.1.1 Commercieel resultaat, matched result ..........................................................................49
10.1.2 Resultaat op niet-rentedragende activa en passiva .........................................................50
10.1.3 Transformatieresutaat, mismatched result .....................................................................50
10.2 Rentedragende bankproducten en verrekenrentes................................................................51
4
, 10.2.1 Vastgestelde rentelooptijd, aflossing in 1 keer ................................................................51
10.2.2 Vastgestelde rentelooptijd met aflossingsschema ...........................................................51
10.2.3 Producten met een optie element ..................................................................................51
11 Economic Capital..........................................................................................................................51
11.1 Twee redenen voor vermogen ...............................................................................................51
11.2 Economic capital ...................................................................................................................51
11.2.1 Risico, vermogen en rendementsmeting .............................................................................52
11.2.2 Rendement op het eigen vermogen ................................................................................52
11.3.1 Risk adjusted performance measures .............................................................................52
11.4 De selectie van de activiteiten ...............................................................................................53
12 Bancaire Risicobeleid ...................................................................................................................53
12.1 Soorten risico’s bij banken .....................................................................................................53
12.1.1 Solvabiliteitsrisico ...........................................................................................................53
12.1.2 Liquiditeitsrisico .............................................................................................................53
12.1.3 Marktrisico .....................................................................................................................54
12.1.4 Kredietrisico ...................................................................................................................54
12.1.5 Tegenpartijrisico .............................................................................................................54
12.1.6 Systeemrisico .................................................................................................................54
12.1.7 Renterisico .....................................................................................................................54
12.1.8 Juridische risico ..............................................................................................................54
12.1.9 Operationeel risico .........................................................................................................54
12.1.10 Reputatieschade ...........................................................................................................54
12.1.11 Strategische risico.........................................................................................................54
12.2 Het risicomanagementproces ................................................................................................55
12.2.2 Formulieren van beleid met betrekking tot risico’s .........................................................55
12.2.3 Vertalen van het beleid naar operationele maatregelen .................................................55
12.2.4 Het meten van risico.......................................................................................................55
12.3 De centrale risicocommissies van de bank .............................................................................56
12.3.2 Concern Krediet Commissie ............................................................................................56
12.3.3 Asset & Liability Commissie ............................................................................................56
12.3.4 Market Risk Commissie ...................................................................................................56
12.3.5 Operationeel Risk Commissie ..........................................................................................56
13 Kredietrisico .................................................................................................................................56
13.1 Soorten kredietrisico .............................................................................................................57
13.1.1 Debiteurenrisico .............................................................................................................57
13.1.2 Tegenpartijrisico .............................................................................................................57
5
, 13.1.3 Settlementrisico .............................................................................................................57
13.2 Indelen in risicoklassen en berekenen van risicofactoren .......................................................57
13.2.1 Indelen van tegenpartijen in risicoklassen .......................................................................57
13.2.2 Berekenen van de factoren die het kredietrisico bepalen ................................................58
13.2.3 Exposure at default.........................................................................................................58
13.3 De omvang van het kredietrisico ...........................................................................................58
13.3.1 Individuele contracten ....................................................................................................58
13.3.2 Verwachte verliezen op portefeuilleniveau .....................................................................59
13.3.3 Onverwachte verliezen ...................................................................................................59
13.4 Maatregelen om kredietrisico te beperken bij individuele tegenpartijen ...............................59
13.4.1 Acceptatie ......................................................................................................................59
13.4.2 Tegenpartijlimieten ........................................................................................................59
13.4.3 Zekerheden ....................................................................................................................59
13.4.4 Begeleiding .....................................................................................................................61
13.5 Beheren van risico krediet .....................................................................................................61
13.5.1 Kredietderivaten .............................................................................................................62
13.5.2 Securitisatie ....................................................................................................................62
14 Marktrisico...................................................................................................................................63
14.1 Handelsactiviteiten in de dealingroom ..................................................................................63
14.1.1 Posities ...........................................................................................................................63
14.1.2 Risico van het aanhouden van een positie.......................................................................63
14.2 Value at riskwaarde ...............................................................................................................64
14.2.1 Gekozen waarschijnlijkheidsinterval ...............................................................................64
14.2.2 Time to close position .....................................................................................................64
14.3 Backtesting............................................................................................................................64
14.4 Stresstests .............................................................................................................................64
14.5 Beheersen van marktrisico ....................................................................................................64
15 Operationeel risico .......................................................................................................................65
15.1 Risicofactoren van operationeel risico ...................................................................................65
15.1.1 Organisatie .....................................................................................................................65
15.2.1 Personeel .......................................................................................................................65
15.1.3 Informatietechnologie ....................................................................................................66
15.1.4 Externe factoren .............................................................................................................66
15.2 Verschillen in operationeel risico tussen bedrijfsonderdelen .................................................66
15.3 Meten van operationeel risico ...............................................................................................67
15.3.1 Kwalitatief meten ...........................................................................................................67
6
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller maartenvd. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.39. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.