100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Human reproductive systems IEB notes gr11&12 $5.35   Add to cart

Class notes

Human reproductive systems IEB notes gr11&12

 71 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

A 19 page (including cover page and diagram page) detailing and summarising the vital information and topics covered in gr 12 human reproduction section. This includes info on the following topics: Male and female reproductive systems Puberty Gametes Menstrual cycle Development of a follic...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 19  pages

  • April 1, 2022
  • 19
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Dk
  • All classes
  • 200
avatar-seller
Human
Reproduction

,Human Reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves production of male & female sex cells, gametes.
In humans, separate sexes, each with special organs to develop gametes for
fertilisation. Male gamete: sperm. Female gamete: ovum (plural: ova).
Male reproductive system
Human reproductive system is typical of mammalian reproductive system.
Development of external reproductive organ, penis, evolved to ensure transfer of male
gametes (sperm) into female reproductive tract, internal fertilisation takes place.
Sperm combines with egg, contributes half genetic material offspring & determines sex
Roles of male reproductive system:
• produce sperm in male gonads, testes
• produce male sex hormone, testosterone
• deliver sperm (in liquid medium semen) during copulation.
Consists of:
Pair of testes, in scrotum
Epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct & urethra
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, Cowper's glands, penis.
The Testes
Singular, testis. Occur in bag-like scrotum, lies outside abdominal cavity.
Scrotum protects testes, regulates temp 2-3 ° below body temp (37°)
Optimal sperm production, ≈34°
Within each testis are seminiferous tubules, lined by germinal epithelium cells, produce
spermatozoa (sperm cells) by spermatogenesis (meiosis).
Inside seminiferous tubules, specialised cells called Sertoli cells, rich in glycogen.
Believed glycogen serves as nutrient for spermatids as develop to sperm cells/spermatozoa.
Between seminiferous tubules are interstitial cells, cells of Leydig, secrete male sex hormone,
testosterone (important in male secondary sexual characteristics).

, When sexual maturity/puberty occurs (11-15 years), testosterone develops male
characteristics: growth hair on face, armpits, pubic areas, lowering voice & development
of muscles gives characteristic shape.
Before puberty, GH or STH, responsible for growth of body.
After puberty, testosterone plays role in body development.
Epididymis is coiled tube (5cm long) lying outside each testis, within scrotum.
Leads from seminiferous tubules, stores sperms (till mature) & passes into vas deferens.
Vas deferens/sperm duct carries spermatozoa from epididymis to ejaculatory duct.
Spermatic Cord
Vas deferens, blood vessels & nerves of testis wrapped in covering muscle
Vas deferens enters urethra (leads from bladder) after urethra left bladder
Accessory glands
Semen = sperm cells + seminal fluid secreted by seminal vesicle, prostate gland & Cowper’s gland
Seminal Vesicles
Before each sperm duct joins urethra, receives secretion from glandular vesicle.
Function: secretes fluid, contains glucose & amino acids (nutrients/energy), helps Seminal
Vesicles


movement of spermatozoid.
Prostate Gland
Situated at exit (neck) of bladder.
Function: secretes milky alkaline fluid, neutralise acid in urethra (in urine) & in female's body
Cowper's Gland
Two small Cowper's glands on either side of urethra, just below prostate gland.
Function: secrete protective mucous substance into urethra, lubricates head of the sperm.
Penis
Organ responsible for transfer of sperm, consists of connective tissue containing
blood spaces (called sinuses), tissue of penis is described as spongy tissue.
Erection essential for effective transfer of sperm cells/semen.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller erinswanepoel. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $5.35. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you


$5.35
  • (0)
  Add to cart