History for Edexcel A Level: Democracies in change: Britain and the USA in the twentieth century
Summarised, condensed, easy to understand revision notes containing only the REDUCED CONTENT for the 2022 summer paper 1 exam
Economic challenges
Economic challenges in 1918 and post-war boom, crisis and recovery 1918-39, Creating a managed economy 1939-59, The response to economic challenges ...
Changing Party Fortunes, 1918-31 - Flashcards/Q+As
How far could the historian make use of sources 1 and 2 together to investigate the impact of second world war on the status of Black American workers?
Edexcel History A-Level: Britain Transformed 1918-1997 A* Quizlet Flashcards
All for this textbook (29)
Written for
A/AS Level
PEARSON (PEARSON)
History 2015
Unit 1H - Britain transformed, 1918-97
All documents for this subject (67)
3
reviews
By: harryswayne10 • 1 year ago
By: tamaragillespie • 1 year ago
By: shaylaskyebrady • 2 year ago
Seller
Follow
lilylogan101
Reviews received
Content preview
In what ways and how successfully did governments deal with economic change, 1918-79?
1918-31 Effectiveness
Economic impact of WW1 - Cuts maintained confidence preventing banking crisis
- New industries e.g. aircraft - 1933 end of Gold Standard meant the pound fell in value
- Power of TUs grew – membership increased by 2 million in making British exports cheaper
4 years - 1929-39 output of cars doubled, Britain 2nd largest car
- Loss of trade – 20% loss of merchant shipping producer
- Forced to borrow £850 million - 1934 – 293,000 homes built
- Failed to modernise – in 1937 Britain produced 83,000 tons - Decrease in interest rates meant demand fell
of steel annually vs 125,000 tons in Germany - In 1932-33 unemployment was still increasing e.g. in
- Abandonment of gold standard in 1914 – inflation 25% by 1935 77% of males in Jarrow were unemployed, marching
1918 to London to petition for work, raising awareness, Jarvis
- Interest 7% established the metal foundry but it was not until WW2
- 13% decrease in working hours that unemployment declined due to demand for ships
- Recession, 1920-21 with 2 million unemployed in 1921
Evaluation
- Short-lived post-war boom - Insufficient for deprived areas – prosperity in south-east
- 1919 – consumers and businesses spent their savings on with newer industries
luxury items that had been rationed - 1930s economic recovery was largely due to luck rather
than economic policy
Solutions
- 1921 Geddes Axe - £87 million worth of cuts, including 1939-45
welfare and housing budget cuts of £20 million in 1922-23 - War ended the depression
- 1923 protectionism added tariffs to imported goods - 1941 – need for 2 million extra workers
- Reintroduced the gold standard in 1924 – prolonged the
economic slump, meant people saved not spent Managed economy, 1939-51
- Centrally planned and controlled economy
1931-45 - Major industries nationalised, no attempt to undermine
Problems in the 1930s – Wall St Crash private enterprise
- 1932 – demand for British exports decreased 1/3 in volume
and ½ in value Finance
- 80% of mining done by pick axe - Government expenditure increased to £6.1 billion in 1945
- 47% of steel workers unemployed - £3,500 million debt in 1945
- End of 1930 – unemployment at 2.5 million - Keynesianism meant increased expenditure, decreased
taxes to increase demand
Solutions
- 1935 expansion of rearmament meant 15% found work in Austerity
old industries - Necessary to pay for the cost of the war, concentrate
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lilylogan101. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.90. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
