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Samenvatting biodiversiteit en diersystematiek 1
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samenvatting biodiversiteit en diersystematiek 1
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Jennifer westenberg Samenvatting BIO&DIER 2021-2022Lesstof:
H25: Geschiedenis van het leven op aarde.
H27 (-27.2): Prokaryoten: alleen taxonomie (kenmerken) en metabolisme
H28.1 - 28.7: Eukaryoten: alleen taxonomie(kenmerken) en metabolisme.
H32.1 - 32.4: Het basisbouwplan van het dierenrijk en embryonale verwantschap.
H33.1 - 33.4: Ongewervelden
Les 1 - ontstaan van het leven
Les 2 - rijken, protisten en holtedieren
Les 3 - wormen
Les 4 - weekdieren/ongewervelden
Les 5 - ecdysozoa/dieren die vervellen
Les 6 - protostomia/insecten
1
,Jennifer westenberg Samenvatting BIO&DIER 2021-2022
Inhoud
1 – Het ontstaan van het leven...............................................................................................................4
Tijdlijn:................................................................................................................................................4
Belangrijkste gebeurtenissen..............................................................................................................5
2 – Rijken, protisten, holtedieren...........................................................................................................6
Dierenrijk............................................................................................................................................6
Clade...............................................................................................................................................6
Fylogenie........................................................................................................................................6
Drie domeinen van het leven:............................................................................................................6
4 supergroepen archaea.....................................................................................................................6
Cnidaria..............................................................................................................................................8
Protostomata......................................................................................................................................8
Deuterostomata.................................................................................................................................8
3 – Wormen............................................................................................................................................9
(!!!!) Huidige indeling dierenrijk.......................................................................................................10
Hox genen.....................................................................................................................................10
Radiale symmetrie........................................................................................................................11
Triploblaste ontwikkeling.............................................................................................................11
Cephalisatie..................................................................................................................................11
Gastrula........................................................................................................................................11
Zygote ontwikkeling.........................................................................................................................12
De morula (lat. voor 'moerbei')....................................................................................................12
De blastocoel................................................................................................................................12
Gastrulatie....................................................................................................................................12
Het archenteron ('oerdarm')........................................................................................................12
Het 'coeloom'...............................................................................................................................12
'Entrocoel'.....................................................................................................................................12
Protostome ontwikkeling: Eerst de mond....................................................................................12
Deuterostome ontwikkeling: Eerst de tweede mond...................................................................12
Lophotrochozoa (wormen zijn onderdeel van~)...............................................................................13
Platworm......................................................................................................................................14
Annelida (ringwormen) - Oligochaeta...........................................................................................15
4 – weekdieren - mollusca....................................................................................................................16
Gastropoda / buikpotigen.................................................................................................................17
Bivalvia / tweekleppigen...................................................................................................................17
2
,Jennifer westenberg Samenvatting BIO&DIER 2021-2022
Cephalopoda / koppotigen...............................................................................................................17
Sifon..............................................................................................................................................17
5 – Ecdysozoa/vervellenden.................................................................................................................18
De meest wijdverspreide groep: rondwormen, nematoden............................................................19
Fylum Arthropoda:...........................................................................................................................20
Splijtpootevolutie.........................................................................................................................20
6 – Protistomia/insecten......................................................................................................................23
Complete metamorfose................................................................................................................23
Incomplete metamorfose.............................................................................................................23
Anatomie..........................................................................................................................................23
Uitleg tracheeën:..............................................................................................................................25
vliegen..............................................................................................................................................25
Directe vlucht...............................................................................................................................25
Indirecte vlucht.............................................................................................................................25
Taxonomische indeling.....................................................................................................................25
26 ordes insecten.............................................................................................................................26
7 - Stekelhuidigen.................................................................................................................................27
Practica anatomie.................................................................................................................................28
1. Zeester..........................................................................................................................................28
2. Zoetwaterpoliep...........................................................................................................................29
3. Platworm......................................................................................................................................31
4. Regenworm..................................................................................................................................33
5. De mossel.....................................................................................................................................34
6. Pijlstaartinkvis...............................................................................................................................35
3
, Jennifer westenberg Samenvatting BIO&DIER 2021-2022
1 – Het ontstaan van het leven
Tijdlijn:
Relative duration Era Period Epoch Time back (myo)
of eons
Phanerozoic Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene 0.01 - now
Pleistocene 2.6 - 0.01
Neogene Pliocene 5.3 - 2.6
Miocene 23 - 5.3
Paleogene Oligocene 33.9 - 23
Eocene 55.8 - 33.9
Paleocene 65.5 - 55.8
Mesozoic Cretaceous (krijt) 145.5 - 65.5
Jurassic 199.6 - 145.5
Triassic 251 - 199.6
Paleozoic Permian 299 - 251
Carboniferous 359 - 299
Devonian 416 - 359
Silurian 444 - 416
Ordovician 488 - 444
Cambrian 542 - 488
Proterozoic Ediacaran 635 - 542
2500 - 635
Archaean 2700
3500
3850
Hadean 4600
4
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