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The psychology of happiness lectures + literature + summary
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Lecture 1 social aspects of happinessLet op correlation = invloed maar geen richting en causation is een variabele stijgt, andere
ook.
Happiness correlates with intelligence, attractiveness, national income, emotion, intensity of
emotion, duration of emotion (we are flexible), socializing: laugh, dance, exercise, music,
synchrony. Small groups that do things in synchrony are really important for our happiness.
Circumstances reward or punishment
Social bonding / socializing is really important for happiness.
- Number of friends
- Social exclusion = social pain overlap with physical pain
o Pain
o Pressure on fundamental needs such as need to belong, autonomy/ control, and
self-worth.
o Repairing: do something to establish affiliation, or do something you are good
at.
Dunbar’s model
- As brain size (neocortex) increases, so does group size. Human group size as predicted
by Dunbar’s model comes out to about 150.
Epley, N., & Schroeder, J. (2014). Mistakenly seeking solitude. The Chicago L…subway
- We are happier when we talk to people, but we think we will be less happy.
- We also think others don’t want a conversation
- We are also happier when others start a conversation.
- Small talks makes us happy!
- Mensen houden van sociaal contact
- Social engagement vs isolation
- Mensen ervaren sociale verbinding met vreemden positiever als geen verbinding
- Positieve ervaring in eenzaamheid door onderschatten van interesse van anderen met
contact te maken (social paradox). Dit weerhoudt mensen ervan om feitelijke gevolgen
van sociale interactie te leren.
- Mensen worden dus echt blij van connection, ze denken dat ze er minder blij van
worden maar werkelijk worden talkers en zelfs loners er blij van. Ook denken mensen
dat productivity omlaag gaat maar die gaat ook zelfs omhoog.
New technology: social media
- Makes us antisocial! Get more friends on Facebook, but spend 60% of time with
immediate 5 friends + small talks are important for happiness.
Does spending money on others promote happiness? (Aknin, Dunn, Proulx, Lok & Norton,
2020)
- Prosocial spending predicting well-being
, - Giving something away voluntarily makes you happy than spending money on oneself
- Festivals: unit with a group (sharing)
- Experiment 1: deelnemers die waren toegewezen om deel te nemen aan prosociale
(versus persoonlijke) uitgaven, rapporteerden meer tijdelijk geluk.
- In Experiment 2 herinnerden 1950 volwassenen zich een keer dat ze geld aan
zichzelf of iemand anders besteedden en vervolgens hun huidige geluk rapporteerden;
in tegenstelling tot de voorspellingen rapporteerden deelnemers in de prosociale
bestedingsconditie niet meer geluk dan die in de persoonlijke bestedingsconditie.
Omdat lage niveaus van taakbetrokkenheid deze nulresultaten kunnen hebben
opgeleverd, hebben we een replicatie uitgevoerd met kleine wijzigingen om de
betrokkenheid te vergroten;
- Experiment 3: deelnemers die zich een prosociaal (versus persoonlijk) uitgaven
geheugen herinnerden hadden meer geluk, maar de verschillen waren klein.
- Al met al ondersteunen deze onderzoeken de hypothese dat geld uitgeven aan
anderen geluk bevordert, maar laten zien dat de omvang van het effect afhangt van
verschillende methodologische kenmerken.
Experience freedom and trust in political system happiness
People think it’s more urgency bringing back a wallet filled vs empty wallet. Whether we can
trust people is determined for peoples happiness.
Summary social aspects:
1. Exclusion hurts
2. Group size affects our functioning
3. (Small) social contact makes us happy
4. Giving makes you happy
5. Being part of something big makes you happy
6. Trust makes you happy
7. If you lose your wallet, best do it in Switzerland
Lecture 2 – Sex and happiness
Benefits of sex
Good for your health
- physical health (burns calories, soothes the pain, boosts immune system, lowers risk
of coronary heart disease, lowers blood pressure, reduces risk prostate cancer,
improves longevity, helps you sleep better (serotonin, oxytocin and prolactin)
- mental health (reduces anxiety, decreases neuroticism, lowers stress)
Increases intimacy with partner
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