Samenvatting Klinische Psychologie - Van der Molen - 3e druk - Hele boek alle hoofdstukken. Geschreven voor de Open Universiteit April 2022. Pagina's boek: 600. Deze samenvatting: 184.
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1 - Theoretische referentiekaders.....................................................................................................8
1.1 Over klinische psychologie en abnormaal gedrag.....................................................................................8
1.2 Het terrein van de klinische psychologie..................................................................................................9
1.3 Aspecten van ‘abnormaal’ gedrag............................................................................................................9
1.4 Normaal en abnormaal: waar ligt de grens?...........................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 2 - Neurobiologische benadering van psychopathologie................................................................13
2.1 Een historische schets.............................................................................................................................13
2.2. Psychopathologie: een genetisch perspectief........................................................................................13
2.3 Psychopathologie: een cognitief-neurologisch perspectief....................................................................16
2.4 Emotieregulatie......................................................................................................................................17
2.5 Comorbiditeit van externaliserende en internaliserende stoornissen....................................................18
Hoofdstuk 3 - Leertheoretische benaderingen van psychopathologie.............................................................20
3.1 Thorndike en Pavlov...............................................................................................................................20
3.2 Leren: het wat en het hoe......................................................................................................................22
3.3 Verklaringen voor conditionering...........................................................................................................22
3.4 Psychotherapie als leerproces................................................................................................................25
Hoofdstuk 4 - Cognitieve benaderingen van psychopathologie.......................................................................27
4.1 en 4.2 Cognitief-psychologische opvattingen / Algemene cognitieve psychologie.................................27
4.3 Schema’s.................................................................................................................................................28
4.4 Instandhouding en verandering van schema’s.......................................................................................29
4.4 Kenmerkende processen bij verschillende vormen van neurotische psychopathologie Bias.................30
4.5 Integreren van benaderingen.................................................................................................................31
4.6 Cognitieve gedragstherapie....................................................................................................................31
Hoofdstuk 5 - Psychoanalytische benadering...................................................................................................33
5.1 Het onbewuste.......................................................................................................................................33
5.2 Overdracht en tegenoverdracht.............................................................................................................33
5.3 Driftpsychologie......................................................................................................................................34
5.4 Egopsychologie.......................................................................................................................................35
5.5 Objectrelatiepsychologie........................................................................................................................36
(Fairbairn).....................................................................................................................................................36
5.6 Zelfpsychologie.......................................................................................................................................37
(Kohut)..........................................................................................................................................................37
5.7 Gehechtheidspsychologie.......................................................................................................................38
(Bowlby)........................................................................................................................................................38
, 5.8 Psychoanalytische therapie....................................................................................................................39
Hoofdstuk 6 - Humanistische benadering.........................................................................................................41
6.1 Kenmerken van de humanistische theorieën.........................................................................................41
6.2 en 6.3 Therapeutische uitgangspunten van Rogers................................................................................42
6.4 Emotiegerichte therapie (Emotion Focused Therapy - EFT)....................................................................43
6.5 Behoeftepiramide van Maslow...............................................................................................................44
Hoofdstuk 7 - Systeemtheorie..........................................................................................................................46
7.1 Ontstaan systeembenadering.................................................................................................................46
7.2 Begrippen in de systeembenadering......................................................................................................47
7.3 Communicatie-theoretische benadering................................................................................................48
7.4 Structurele benadering...........................................................................................................................49
(Minuchin)....................................................................................................................................................49
7.5 Integratieve benaderingen.....................................................................................................................50
Hoofdstuk 8 - Het nut van theorie....................................................................................................................52
8.1 Het achterhalen van de werkelijkheid....................................................................................................52
8.2 Dimensies van benaderingen..................................................................................................................53
8.3 Theoretische benaderingen en reductionisme.......................................................................................54
8.4 Theorie in praktijk...................................................................................................................................55
Hoofdstuk 9 - Classificatie................................................................................................................................56
9.1 Classificeren............................................................................................................................................56
9.2 Classificatiesystemen (= taxonomie).......................................................................................................56
9.3 DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)............................................................58
9.4 International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).....................................................................................62
Hoofdstuk 10 - Klinische diagnostiek................................................................................................................63
10.1 Diagnostische methoden......................................................................................................................63
10.2 Het klinisch interview...........................................................................................................................64
10.3 Intelligentietests...................................................................................................................................66
10.4 Testen...................................................................................................................................................67
10.5 Rapportage en beroepscode.................................................................................................................68
Hoofdstuk 11 -Neurobiologische ontwikkelingsstoornissen.............................................................................69
11.1 Autismespectrumstoornis (ASS)...........................................................................................................69
11.2 Diagnose, methode, comorbiditeit.......................................................................................................70
11.3 Etiologie en prevalentie........................................................................................................................71
11.4 ADHD....................................................................................................................................................72
11.5 Behandeling ADHD...............................................................................................................................74
Hoofdstuk 12 - Depressieve en bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen.....................................................................75
, 12.1 DSM-5 classificatie van stemmingsstoornissen.....................................................................................75
12.2. Depressieve stemmingsstoornissen.....................................................................................................76
12.3 Bipolaire stemmingsstoornissen...........................................................................................................77
12.4 Theoretische benaderingen van depressie...........................................................................................79
12.5 Psychologische interventie...................................................................................................................81
Hoofdstuk 13 - Angststoornissen......................................................................................................................83
13.1 Angst.....................................................................................................................................................83
13.2 Angststoornissen in de DSM-5..............................................................................................................83
13.3 Etiologie................................................................................................................................................85
13.4 Beloop angststoornis............................................................................................................................86
13.5 Taxatie van angst..................................................................................................................................86
13.6 Behandeling angststoornissen..............................................................................................................87
13.7 Behandeling: stagering en profilering...................................................................................................89
Hoofdstuk 14 - Middelgebonden stoornissen en verslaving.............................................................................91
14.1 Klinisch beeld en diagnose....................................................................................................................91
14.2 Stoornissen door een middel teweeg gebracht...................................................................................92
14.3 Verdovende middelen..........................................................................................................................93
14.4 Bewustzijnsveranderende middelen (tripmiddelen).............................................................................94
14.5 Prevalentie............................................................................................................................................96
14.6 Historisch perspectief...........................................................................................................................96
14.7 Theoretische modellen.........................................................................................................................97
14.8 Operante leerprincipes bij ontstaan van verslaving..............................................................................98
14.9 Behandeling........................................................................................................................................100
Hoofdstuk 15 - Somatisch-symptoomstoornis en verwante stoornissen.......................................................102
15.1 Beschrijving.........................................................................................................................................102
15.2 Prevalentie..........................................................................................................................................104
15.3 Beloop.................................................................................................................................................104
15.4 Verklaringsmodellen...........................................................................................................................104
15.5 Diagnostiek.........................................................................................................................................105
15.6 Psychologische behandeling...............................................................................................................106
Hoofdstuk 16 - Slaap- en waakstoornissen.....................................................................................................108
16.1 Regeling slapen en waken...................................................................................................................108
16.2 Normale slaap.....................................................................................................................................110
16.3 Klinisch beeld, diagnostiek en behandeling........................................................................................110
16.4 Hypersomnolentie..............................................................................................................................112
16.5 Slaapapneu.........................................................................................................................................113
, 16.6 Circadianeritme-slaap-waakstoornis..................................................................................................113
16.7 Slaapstoornis door een middel of medicatie......................................................................................115
Hoofdstuk 17 - Voedings- en eetstoornissen..................................................................................................116
17.1 Anorexia nervosa................................................................................................................................116
17.2 Boulimia nervosa................................................................................................................................117
17.3 Differentiële diagnostiek en comorbiditeit.........................................................................................118
17.4 Epidemiologie en verloop...................................................................................................................119
17.5 Theorieën etiologie eetstoornissen....................................................................................................119
Hoofdstuk 18 - Disruptieve, impulsbeheersings- en andere gedragsstoornissen...........................................122
18.1 Oppositionele-opstandige stoornis (OOS)..........................................................................................122
18.2 Periodiek explosieve stoornis (PES)....................................................................................................123
18.3 Normoverschrijdend-gedragsstoornis................................................................................................124
18.4 Pyromanie...........................................................................................................................................126
18.5 Kleptomanie.......................................................................................................................................126
Hoofdstuk 19 - Seksuele disfuncties, genderdysforie en parafiele stoornissen..............................................128
19.1 Visies op seksuele stoornissen............................................................................................................128
19.2 Stoornissen.........................................................................................................................................128
19.3 Parafiele stoornissen..........................................................................................................................131
19.4 Seksuele disfuncties............................................................................................................................134
19.5 Psychische oorzaken seksuele disfuncties (Kaplan)............................................................................137
Hoofdstuk 20 - Schizofreniespectrum- en andere psychotische stoornissen.................................................138
20.1 Stoornissen.........................................................................................................................................139
20.2 Diagnostiek door de jaren heen..........................................................................................................140
20.3 Stoornis of continuüm........................................................................................................................140
20.4 Neuropsychisch model van psychose................................................................................................142
20.5 Herstel en rehabilitatie.......................................................................................................................145
Hoofdstuk 21 - Trauma- en stressorgerelateerde stoornissen.......................................................................146
21.1 Posttraumatische-stressstoornis (PTSS)..............................................................................................146
21.2 Acute stressstoornis...........................................................................................................................148
21.3 Aanpassingsstoornis...........................................................................................................................148
21.4 Assessment en PTSS............................................................................................................................148
21.5 Epidemiologie en risicofactoren.........................................................................................................149
21.6 Theorieën over ontstaan en voortbestaan.........................................................................................150
Hoofdstuk 22 - Dissociatieve stoornissen.......................................................................................................153
22.1 Historisch perspectief.........................................................................................................................153
22.2 en 22.3 Prevalentie van dispositie tot dissociatie...............................................................................154
, 22.4 Derealisatie-/depersonalisatiestoornis...............................................................................................154
22.5 Dissociatieve amnesie.........................................................................................................................156
22.6 Dissociatieve-identiteitsstoornis (DIS)................................................................................................157
21.7 Overige specifieke dissociatieve stoornissen......................................................................................158
22.8 State of the art....................................................................................................................................159
Hoofdstuk 23 - Neurocognitieve stoornissen.................................................................................................160
23.1 Neurocognitieve stoornissen in de DSM-5..........................................................................................160
23.2 Uitgebreide en beperkte neurocognitieve stoornis (NCS)..................................................................161
23.3 Dementie en Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)..................................................................................161
23.4 – 23.8 Subtypen uitgebreide en beperkte NCS...................................................................................161
23.9 Diagnostiek NCS..................................................................................................................................165
23.10 Behandeling en begeleiding van NCS................................................................................................166
Hoofdstuk 24 Obsessieve-compulsieve en aanverwante stoornissen............................................................168
24.1 Obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis (OCS).............................................................................................168
24.2 Verzamelstoornis (hoarding disorder)................................................................................................170
24.3 Morfodysfore stoornis (Body Dysmorphic Disorder – BDD)...............................................................172
24.4 Trichotillomanie en excoriatiestoornis...............................................................................................173
Hoofdstuk 25 - Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen...................................................................................................175
25.1 Klinisch beeld......................................................................................................................................175
25.2 Historisch perspectief.........................................................................................................................179
25.3 Etiologie..............................................................................................................................................180
,Samenvatting Klinische Psychologie I. OU-module nr. S23232 (nieuwe versie april 2022)
Pagina’s boek: 600
Deze samenvatting: 176
Leestijd: 2.5 uur
Alleen de belangrijkste kernpunten samengevat
Deze samenvatting is gebaseerd op:
- Tekstboek: Klinische Psychologie. Theorieën en psychopathologie, Henk van der Molen e.a.,
Noordhoff Uitgevers, 2015 (3e druk)
- Informatie bij oefentoetsen Tekstboek
- Digitale werkboek Open Universiteit
, Hoofdstuk 1 - Theoretische referentiekaders
Thema 1.
Introductie uit digitale werkboek
We veranderen door de tijd heen in onze kijk op abnormaal gedrag. Alleen nog wanneer iemand een
gevaar is voor zichzelf, nemen we iemand onder dwang op. Trepanatie, lobotomie, aderlating en
exorcisme gebruiken we niet meer ter genezing. Door onderzoek weten we nu wat er met mensen
aan de hand is.
1.1 Over klinische psychologie en abnormaal gedrag
Wanneer zijn handelingen, gedachten en gevoelens normaal, wanneer zijn het symptomen van een
psychische stoornis en is behandeling nodig, en wanneer is het een niet-pathologische variatie op
‘normaal’ gedrag?
Belangrijke vragen:
- Belemmert het gedrag het sociale en beroepsmatige functioneren van de persoon? -
Lijdt of hij/zij eronder?
Duijker: godfather van de Nederlandse psychologie.
Toepassingsgerichte disciplines psychologie:
1. Klinische psychologie (evt. in combinatie met gezondheidspsychologie)
2. Arbeids- en organisatiepsychologie
3. Onderwijspsychologie
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