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six stages of policy formulation
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STUDENT NUMBER: 57672377NAME: NTOKOZO GIFT
SURNAME: MUNZHELELE
MODULE CODE: PLC2602
DUE DATE: 12 MAY 2021
, 1. Six stages of the public policy-making process.
Identification of policy problems
Agenda setting
Policy formulation and decision-making
Policy legitimation
Policy implementation
Evaluation of policy impact
Policy-making is referred to as a process primarily because it’s is not a static
phenomenon however, a continuous process that requires numerous changes
overtime in addition, a process suggests a continuous movement and not only a state
of affairs. Public policy can be viewed as a state of affairs if it is treated as merely a
statement of goals or objects, or as the outcome of policy formulation and decision-
making. The development or formulation of policy, on the other hand, is more dynamic
and ongoing, and therefore can be viewed as a process. A process can be cyclical
e.g. it repeats itself in cycles or linear e.g. all developments are milestones on a
straight line with a beginning and an end, and therefore each event is new and unique.
2. Agenda setting is influenced by a myriad of factors however, three main
approaches are critical for agenda to be made. Firstly, agenda is a tool that
facilitates the proceedings at a meeting in order to ensure that its main
purposes are achieved. It normally orders the discussions during the meeting
and makes sure that the most important discussion items are dealt with first to
ensure that they receive priority. The higher a discussion items is placed on the
agenda, the better are the chances that it will receive the necessary attention
of participants before the time scheduled for the meeting expires or before
important participants in the meeting have to leave it therefore, priorities
important discussion items However, Jones, 1994:59 points out that agenda
setting like perception, aggregation, organisation and representation is about
getting problems to the government moreover, agenda portrays those issues
judged to require public action. The three main approaches are the pluralist
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