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Summary Evaluate explanations for attachment (16 Marks) - Psychology A Level Essay
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Psychology A Level Essay regarding the explanations for attachment and evaluating them using AO3
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Evaluate explanations for attachment (16)Attachment bonds are strong, loving relationships between
a caregiver and a child. They come about in many different
ways and thus produce three main types of attachment. The
first is secure attachment, this comes about from the
caregiver being sensitive when the baby is growing and
means the baby is happy to explore and has high separation
and stranger anxiety. The next is insecure avoidant, this is
where the caregivers’ behaviour is indifferent towards the
baby, there is low stranger and separation anxiety and the
baby is happy to explore. Finally, insecure resistant is where
the caregiver gives mixed signals towards a baby and gives
variable behaviour, being unwilling to explore with high
stranger and separation anxiety.
One explanation for attachment is learning theory, this
focuses on the baby’s needs and wants being fulfilled. It is
also known as the behaviourist approach as it explains
attachment through conditioning. The classical conditioning
side is where the baby will want food for example which will
bring the baby pleasure and the caregiver will provide this,
so the baby associates the mother with pleasure which is an
attachment. Operant conditioning could also state that the
babies feel discomfort when hungry (hence the crying and
weeping) and remove the discomfort through reinforcement
by eating and taking away the pain.
One weakness however towards learning theory is that it is
rather reductionist and explains complex attachments using
simple stimulus-response relationships. Another weakness
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