NCLEX-style Human Development Theory Questions and Answers

d. Coping, Defensive related to stress of hospitalization Feedback: A toilet-trained 4-year-old who becomes incontinent during hospitalization is coping with the stress of this experience through the defense mechanism of regression. This is an effective means of coping for a child this age. Answer- 1. A 4-year-old who has been toilet-trained becomes incontinent when hospitalized for surgery. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis based on this assessment finding? a. Growth and Development Altered related to incontinence b. Ineffective Individual Coping related to hospitalization c. Urinary Elimination, Altered related to incontinence d. Coping, Defensive related to stress of hospitalization Answer: b. Introduce the adolescent to another teenager who is successfully managing his diabetes. Feedback: The adolescent benefits from meeting teens who are successfully managing a similar diagnosis. The adolescent might not respond well to being instructed what to do. Although the teen needs information related to consequences of noncompliance, this should never be in the form of a warning. In addition, this information would not facilitate coping with the diagnosis. The teen needs to remain as independent as possible. Although parents must learn the information as well, the teen still is encouraged to be very involved in his care and to be as independent as possible. Answer- 2. A 14-year-old has been diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes. Which technique is most appropriate in order to facilitate coping with this diagnosis? a. Warn the teen of the consequences of noncompliance. b. Introduce the adolescent to another teenager who is successfully managing his diabetes. c. Give the adolescent specific instructions. d. Encourage increased dependence on parents for several weeks. Answer: b. Toy vacuum cleaner Feedback: A 2-year-old benefits from having push-pull toys that encourage movement and autonomy. Nesting cups are appropriate for older infants. Mobiles are appropriate for young infants. Playhouses are appropriate for preschool-age children. Answer- 3. Which toy is most age appropriate for a 2-year-old? a. Mobile b. Toy vacuum cleaner c. Nesting cups d. Playhouse Answer: d. Encourage the parents to room in and participate in care. Feedback: Encouraging parents to stay at the bedside and participate in care promotes a sense of trust in the infant. Placing pictures at the bedside and playing tapes of the mother's voice are more appropriate to decrease the feeling of separation in an older infant and toddler; however, they do not promote the development of trust. A pacifier satisfies the oral needs that an infant has, not the development of trust. Answer- 4. Which intervention is most appropriate in order to facilitate the development of trust in an infant who is hospitalized? a. Place pictures of the child's family at the bedside. b. Play tapes of the mother's voice. c. Offer the infant a pacifier. d. Encourage the parents to room in and participate in care. Answer: b. Two children sitting side by side, each playing with a toy truck Feedback: Two children sitting side by side playing with similar toys is an example of parallel play, which dominates in toddlers. The child who sits on the floor by himself playing with blocks is demonstrating solitary play, seen in infants. The child who dresses up like a fireman is demonstrating dramatic play, seen in preschool-age children. Two children putting a puzzle together are demonstrating associative play, also characteristic of preschool-age children. Answer- 5. Which observation is most representative of the type of play usually seen in toddlers? a. The child who dresses up like a fireman b. Two children sitting side by side, each playing with a toy truck c. Two children putting a puzzle together d. A child who sits on the floor by himself playing with blocks Answer: a. The infant needs further assessment and evaluation. Feedback: Head lag should not be present in a 5-month-old. This single finding does not present sufficient information on which to draw any conclusions. The child needs further assessment and evaluation. Answer- 6. The nurse notes that a 5-month-old has significant head lag when she attempts to pull the infant to a sitting position. What does the nurse recognize based on this assessment of the infant? a. The infant needs further assessment and evaluation. b. The infant has some degree of mental retardation. c. The infant is developing normally. d. The infant has been neglected by the parents. Answer: a. Allow the child to handle safe medical equipment. Feedback: The preschool-age child learns well by participating in therapeutic play, such as handling safe medical equipment. Terms such as "put to sleep" might be misinterpreted by the child. Anatomically correct dolls are not appropriate for preschool- age children. The preschool-age child benefits from several short teaching sessions. Answer- 7. The nurse is preparing a 4-year-old for surgery. Which technique is most appropriate? a. Allow the child to handle safe medical equipment. b. Limit the teaching to one 1-hour session. c. Explain to the child that she will be put to sleep for the procedure. d. Use an anatomically correct doll to explain the procedure. Answer: c. Allow the child to assist with dressing changes. Feedback: Allowing the child to participate in care and assist with procedures such as dressing changes promotes the development of industry, characteristic of school-age children. Playing with safe medical equipment is more appropriate with preschool- and young school-age children. Encouraging dependency does not promote the development of industry and could lead to a sense of inferiority. The 10-year-old probably will not be able to give a complete health history. Answer- 8. Which nursing intervention is most developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 10- year-old? a. Encourage the child to play with safe medical equipment. b. Encourage dependency on parents while the child is hospitalized. c. Allow the child to assist with dressing changes. d. Obtain a complete health history from the child. Answer: d. The infant's weight is appropriate for his age. Feedback: The infant should double his birth weight by 5 to 6 months; therefore, the weight of 15 pounds is appropriate. There is no need for weekly weights in an infant who is thriving. There is no indication of failure to thrive, nor is there any indication that the child has been consuming too many calories. Answer- 9. The nurse notes that a 6-month-old infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth now weighs 15 pounds. What is the nurse's evaluation of the infant's current weight? a. The infant should be hospitalized for failure to thrive. b. The infant needs weekly follow-up to assess weight. c. The infant has been consuming more calories than needed. d. The infant's weight is appropriate for his age. 24 Answer- 10. A child who weighed 8 pounds at birth should weigh ________ pounds at 12 months of age.