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Example questions Chapter 6 Essentials of Organizational Behavior (Robbins/Judge)
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Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 12e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 6 Perception and Individual Decision Making
1) ________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give
meaning to their environment.
A) Cognitive dissonance
B) Environmental analysis
C) Social verification
D) Emotional labor
E) Perception
Answer: E
Explanation: E) Perception is defined as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. People's behavior is based on their perception of what
reality is, not on reality itself. What we perceive can be substantially different from objective reality.
2) Two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. In this situation, factors that operate to
shape their dissimilar perceptions reside in the ________.
A) perceivers
B) target
C) timing
D) context
E) situation
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Because the target and the situation are the same, the difference in perception must be in the
perceivers themselves. Characteristics that can affect perception include perceiver attitudes, personality, motives,
interests, past experiences, and expectations.
3) David is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are dangerous drivers. He often thinks that people driving
SUVs are driving rashly, even when other observers can see nothing wrong with the behavior of the SUV drivers.
What factor is affecting his perception in this case?
A) his interests
B) his personality
C) his expectations
D) his motives
E) his attitude
Answer: C
Explanation: C) David expects all SUV drivers to be dangerous. His expectations are what color his perception. The
example doesn't explain why he expects this, although it could be from a previous bad experience.
4) Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?
A) Our perception of reality is independent of our personality.
B) The context of the situation in which the perception is made has little effect on our perception of reality.
C) Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.
D) Our perception of reality is independent of our past experiences.
E) We form a perception of a target by looking at it in isolation.
Answer: C
Explanation: C) Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality. Our perception of reality is
affected by our personality, past experiences and the context of the situation in which the perception is made. We do
not look at targets in isolation.
5) Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones. So, too, are extremely attractive or
unattractive individuals. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind this fact?
A) Our perception of reality depends on our past experiences.
B) Our perception of reality depends on our personality.
C) The relationship of a target to its background influences our perception of the target.
D) The time at which we see an object can influence our perception of the object.
E) Our motives and expectations affect our perception of a target.
Answer: C
, Explanation: C) Characteristics of the target we observe can affect what we perceive. Because we don't look at
targets in isolation, the relationship of a target to its background influences our perception of the target.
6) Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it
was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. Which of the
following is one of these three factors?
A) stereotyping
B) consistency
C) anchoring
D) rationality
E) intuition
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine
whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination, however, depends largely on three factors. These
three factors are (1) distinctiveness, (2) consensus, and (3) consistency.
7) ________ theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on the meaning we
attribute to a given behavior.
A) ERG
B) Hierarchy of needs
C) Acquired needs
D) Attribution
E) Two factor
Answer: D
Explanation: D) Attribution theory is an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or
externally caused. We judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior.
Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was
internally or externally caused.
8) Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?
A) An employee is late to work because he was partying late and overslept.
B) An employee is late because of a flat tire.
C) An employee was fired because he violated a company policy.
D) An employee was promoted because he was hard working.
E) An employee died from lung cancer after excessive tobacco use.
Answer: B
Explanation: B) Externally caused behavior is what we imagine the situation forced the individual to do. If an
employee is late for work, and you attribute his arriving late to an automobile accident or a flat tire, then you are
making an external attribution.
9) With reference to the attribution theory, which of the following terms indicates the extent to which an individual
displays different behaviors in different situations?
A) continuity
B) integrity
C) stability
D) flexibility
E) distinctiveness
Answer: E
Explanation: E) Distinctiveness is one of three determining factors that contribute to attribution theory perceptions.
Distinctiveness refers to whether or not an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.
10) According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes.
A) low on distinctiveness
B) high on adaptability
C) low on consistency
D) high on stability
E) low on consensus
Answer: C
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