Summary
Articles M&I
,Index
Migration to European Countries: A Structural Explanation of Patterns, 1980-2004 ............................2
Bogus Refugees? The Determinants of Asylum Migration to Western Europe .....................................4
The Effectiveness of Immigration Policies ...........................................................................................6
Studying Public Policy through Immigration Policy: Advances in Theory and Measurement ................9
Over-education among immigrants in Europe: The Value of Civic Involvement ................................. 10
Pakistani in the UK and Norway: different contexts, similar disadvantage. ........................................ 12
Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation ..................................................................................... 14
About but not without: Recently Arrived Refugees’ Understanding of and Expectations for Integration
within a Local Policy Context in the Netherlands ............................................................................... 16
What about the mainstream? Assimilation in super-diverse times .................................................... 17
The Integration Paradox: Level of Education and Immigrants’ Attitudes Towards Natives and the Host
Society .............................................................................................................................................. 19
The Ethnic Composition of the Neighbourhood and Ethnic Minorities’ Social Contacts: Three
Unresolved Issues ............................................................................................................................. 20
Migrants’ Multi-Sited Social Lives ...................................................................................................... 22
Transnationalism: A New Analytic Framework for Understanding Migration ..................................... 24
Adjustment Outcomes of Immigrant Children and Youth in Europe ................................................... 25
Mental Health in Adolescents with a Migration Background in 29 European Countries: The Buffering
Role of Social Capital......................................................................................................................... 26
, Migration to European Countries: A Structural Explanation of Patterns,
1980-2004
Hooghe et al. (2008)
Since the 1960s: substantial increase of migration to Western Europe, despite restrictive legislation
since 1970s in various countries.
Categories of migrants:
• Economic/labour migrants
• Political asylum seekers
• Family migrants
Scandinavian countries offer the highest standards of living but are not the most attractive to
migrants.
Pull factors: factors in the destination country that stimulate immigration in to that country.
Push factors: factors in the origin country that stimulate emmigration out of that country.
What attracts migration to European countries?
Three explanations of pull factors:
1. Economic and labour theories: migrants react to shortages in the labor market. Migrants often
migrate from low income to high income economies.
2. Cultural and world system theory: migration patterns reflect center/periphery relations in the
world system. Migrants typically move from the periphery tot he center, in terms of linguistic
dominance or cultural hegemony. These migrant flows are triggered when capitalist economic
relations enter non- or pre-capitalist societies, for example because of colonial ties or active
recruitment.
3. Social capital/social network approach: migrants are attracted by the fact that other migrants
from the same group have already settled in the receiving country, allowing for the occurence
of networks of recruitment. Existing migration flows to a country reduce the costs and risks for
new immigrants to enter the country.
Note: these theories do not exclude one another (can exist simultaneously).
Aim of the current study: testing the validity of these theoretical approaches.
Hypotheses:
H1 Economic theory: migrants will respond to incentives operating within the labour market. Perceived
shortages of skilled or unskilled labor will lead to influx of new worker groups.
H2 World system theory: migrants will tend to move from peripheral to central countries, colonial
powers still attract migrants mainly from their former colonies.
H3 Social networks approach: once ethnic communities will have settled in a host country, this allows
future cohorts of this community to gain easier entrance (a continuation of this migrant pattern).
Results:
H1 Migrants do not systematically select the richest countries.
Migrants do not systematicaly select countries with a generous social security regime.
Unemployment has a negative effect: low unemployment figures seem to attract migrants.
Articles M&I
,Index
Migration to European Countries: A Structural Explanation of Patterns, 1980-2004 ............................2
Bogus Refugees? The Determinants of Asylum Migration to Western Europe .....................................4
The Effectiveness of Immigration Policies ...........................................................................................6
Studying Public Policy through Immigration Policy: Advances in Theory and Measurement ................9
Over-education among immigrants in Europe: The Value of Civic Involvement ................................. 10
Pakistani in the UK and Norway: different contexts, similar disadvantage. ........................................ 12
Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation ..................................................................................... 14
About but not without: Recently Arrived Refugees’ Understanding of and Expectations for Integration
within a Local Policy Context in the Netherlands ............................................................................... 16
What about the mainstream? Assimilation in super-diverse times .................................................... 17
The Integration Paradox: Level of Education and Immigrants’ Attitudes Towards Natives and the Host
Society .............................................................................................................................................. 19
The Ethnic Composition of the Neighbourhood and Ethnic Minorities’ Social Contacts: Three
Unresolved Issues ............................................................................................................................. 20
Migrants’ Multi-Sited Social Lives ...................................................................................................... 22
Transnationalism: A New Analytic Framework for Understanding Migration ..................................... 24
Adjustment Outcomes of Immigrant Children and Youth in Europe ................................................... 25
Mental Health in Adolescents with a Migration Background in 29 European Countries: The Buffering
Role of Social Capital......................................................................................................................... 26
, Migration to European Countries: A Structural Explanation of Patterns,
1980-2004
Hooghe et al. (2008)
Since the 1960s: substantial increase of migration to Western Europe, despite restrictive legislation
since 1970s in various countries.
Categories of migrants:
• Economic/labour migrants
• Political asylum seekers
• Family migrants
Scandinavian countries offer the highest standards of living but are not the most attractive to
migrants.
Pull factors: factors in the destination country that stimulate immigration in to that country.
Push factors: factors in the origin country that stimulate emmigration out of that country.
What attracts migration to European countries?
Three explanations of pull factors:
1. Economic and labour theories: migrants react to shortages in the labor market. Migrants often
migrate from low income to high income economies.
2. Cultural and world system theory: migration patterns reflect center/periphery relations in the
world system. Migrants typically move from the periphery tot he center, in terms of linguistic
dominance or cultural hegemony. These migrant flows are triggered when capitalist economic
relations enter non- or pre-capitalist societies, for example because of colonial ties or active
recruitment.
3. Social capital/social network approach: migrants are attracted by the fact that other migrants
from the same group have already settled in the receiving country, allowing for the occurence
of networks of recruitment. Existing migration flows to a country reduce the costs and risks for
new immigrants to enter the country.
Note: these theories do not exclude one another (can exist simultaneously).
Aim of the current study: testing the validity of these theoretical approaches.
Hypotheses:
H1 Economic theory: migrants will respond to incentives operating within the labour market. Perceived
shortages of skilled or unskilled labor will lead to influx of new worker groups.
H2 World system theory: migrants will tend to move from peripheral to central countries, colonial
powers still attract migrants mainly from their former colonies.
H3 Social networks approach: once ethnic communities will have settled in a host country, this allows
future cohorts of this community to gain easier entrance (a continuation of this migrant pattern).
Results:
H1 Migrants do not systematically select the richest countries.
Migrants do not systematicaly select countries with a generous social security regime.
Unemployment has a negative effect: low unemployment figures seem to attract migrants.
