ESSAY PLAN: Was Cromwell’s ‘Break with Rome’ the perfect solution for Henry?
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AQA A level History Breath Study: Tudors - essay title = Was Cromwell’s ‘Break with Rome’ the perfect solution for Henry?
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Was Cromwell’s ‘Break with Rome’ the perfect solution for Henry?
Jan 1533 Anne = pregnant, H needed to marry here ASAP so child = legitimate heir
Archbishop Cranmer secretly married them Jan 1533 (not legal)
March 1533 Act in Restraint of Appeals to Rome passed
o Stated E = empire so only king could govern it
o No one could appeal to pope against decision of H8 he has supreme power
o H could grant annulments
May 1533 Cranmer ruled that original dispensation allow H + CofA to marry = invalid so they
had never been legally married
o H + AB’s marriage valid now
1524 Act of Succession passed passed to prevent civil war over who should inherit throne
o Mary = illegitimate, couldn’t be crowned
o Elizabeth = 1st in line for throne
o Treason to criticise H + AB’s marriage
Why was this a good solution to H’s problems:
- Yes: solved problems, could marry AB + had legitimate heir
- No: caused many problems that would come to show in future + brave + radical, directly
challenged pope who = head of Church + expanded role of P, now made important legal
changes to way E was governed
Advantages to annulment:
- Gave H power, wealth etc
- Solved problem of him thinking that marrying Catherine was a sin + had displeased God
(conscience)
- Got to marry Anne + have chance for Heir
How did Cromwell contribute to the Break with Rome?
Cromwell came up with solution to Henry’s Great Matter architect
Prepared the laws + used number of strategies to make sure P agreed to them
o Wrote pamphlets to explain new laws to MPs, interfered in elections to ensure new
MPs supported the King + told opposing members of HoL to stay away
Used oath taking as powerful weapon against opponents
o Act of Succession included a clause requiring individuals to take oath supporting AB
as H’s queen (breaking = treason 1534 Treason Act)
1535 Cromwell made vice-gerent King’s deputy in matters to do with religion
Cromwell wanted to get rid of superstition in Church Statues, saints + holy relics
o Royal injunction 1538 id this
Survey of wealth of Church (Valor Ecclesiasticus) helped convince H to dissolve Monasteries
How did Cranmer help contribute to Break with Rome?
Convinced Protestant didn’t respect auth of Pope
Archbishop of Canterbury + secretely married H+AB 1533 gave hearing declaring H +
CoA’s marriage invalid so granted H’s annulment
Wanted Church to be properly Protestant get rid of superstition same as Cromwell
Encouraged intro of English Bible + Act on Ten Articles 1536 + Royal injunction 1538
Oversaw education of Elizabeth + Edward protestant
Did AB bring about her own downfall?
Yes:
Her confidence + outspokenness began to irritate H would argue + challenge him
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