100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary Organizational Behavior - Chapter 6: Individual Perception and Decision-Making $3.17
Add to cart

Summary

Summary Organizational Behavior - Chapter 6: Individual Perception and Decision-Making

1 review
 3236 views  8 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution

Summary Organizational Behavior - Chapter 6: Individual Perception and Decision-Making. Taken from the book Essentials of Organizational Behavior, written by Robbins and Judge.

Preview 2 out of 6  pages

  • September 17, 2015
  • 6
  • 2015/2016
  • Summary

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: donaldsont • 7 year ago

Solid information, helped a lot

avatar-seller
CHAPTER 6
Individual Perception and Decision Making
Perception: a process by which individuals organize and interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
However, what we perceive can be substantially different from objective
reality.
People’s behaviour is based on their perception of what reality is, not on
reality itself. The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviourally
important.
A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception.
These factors can reside in the perceiver; in the object, or target, being
perceived; or in the context of the situation in which the perception is
made.
- Perceiver  Your interpretation is heavily influenced by your
personal characteristics – your attitudes, personality, motives,
interests, past experiences, and expectations.
- Target  Characteristics of the target also affect what we perceive.
The relationship of a target to its background also influences
perception, as does our tendency to group close things and similar
things together.
- Situation  The time at which we see an object or event can
influence our attention, as can location, light, heat, or any number
of situational factors.
Attribution theory: tries to explain the ways in which we judge people
differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behaviour.
It suggests that when we observe an individual’s behaviour, we attempt to
determine whether it was internally or externally caused. This depends
largely on three factors.
Internally caused behaviours: those an observer believes to be under
personal behavioural control of another individual.
Externally caused behaviours: what we imagine the situation forced
the individual to do.
1. Distinctiveness: refers to whether or not an individual displays
different behaviours in different situations. If the behaviour is
unusual, we are likely to give an external attribution.
2. Consensus  If everyone who faces a similar situation responds in
the same way, we can say the behaviour shows consensus.
3. Consistency  Does the person respond the same way over time.
Distinctiveness High External
Low Internal

, Individual Consensus High External
Behaviour
Low Internal
Consistency High Internal
Low External
When we make judgements about the behaviour of other people, we tend
to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the
influence of internal or personal factors  Fundamental attribution
error.
Individuals and organizations also tend to attribute their own successes
ton internal factors, while blaming failure on external factors. People also
tend to attribute ambiguous information as relatively flattering and accept
positive feedback while rejecting negative feedback  Self-serving bias.
Any characteristic that makes a person, an object, or an event stand out
will increase the probability we will perceive it. Because we can’t observe
everything going on about us, we engage in selective perception.
Selective perception: allows us to “speed-read” others, but not without
the risk of drawing an inaccurate picture.
Halo effect: when we draw a general impression about an individual on
the basis of a single characteristic.
Contrast effect: we don’t evaluate a person in isolation. Our reaction is
influenced by other persons we have recently encountered.
Stereotyping: when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of
the group to which he belongs.
Research suggests stereotypes operate emotionally and often below the
level of conscious awareness, making them hard to challenge and change.
One problem of stereotypes is that they are widespread and often useful
generalizations, though they may not contain a shred of truth when
applied to a particular person or situation.


Decisions: choices from among two or more alternatives.
Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem.
Problem: a discrepancy exists between the current state of affairs and
some desired state, requiring us to consider alternative courses of action.
Awareness that a problem exists and that a decision might or might not be
needed is a perceptual issue.
Every decision requires us to interpret and evaluate information.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller donellerip. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $3.17. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

51292 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$3.17  8x  sold
  • (1)
Add to cart
Added