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Argument structure 1
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Definition of important terms
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S y m f a nweek 4
Headedness ,
argument structure
A HEADEDNESS •
The head
•
Label of constituents
•
forms semantic core of constituent
Complex constituents have category determinesmorphosyn.pro parties of constituent &
> '
A
ABC →
ß c
distrubtion of constituent in a sent .
-
Label of complex constituent is de termine d
•
head Of constituentsk is daughter of K ,
head gives its
PROJECTION V N
by one of the daughter properties to m other =
'
daughter node passes on its properties to eat apples yellow bees
V N A N
1dm
m other node
B E
a category mn =
category
A
A- B A B- A B } dn which passes =
head
determin.es distrubtion Features
"
morphosyn properties .
select s for of its sis .
W here do constituents ?
Occur z.B. : subj .
-
verb agreements z.B .
: verbs that take sent .
as its Obj .
a) after auxiliary / modal verb comes a Verb head of const .
determinesagreem .
de termine what Kind of Sent .
Obj .
" " " "
Ali will eat apples might eat . . . a) friend Of my parents is rich
A should be dederative sen . / questions :
"
"
tihfat
*
a) A Fiend of my parents are rich a) John
"
b) after grow → noun c) after prep .
→ noun ✓ Knows she left
whether
" " "
friend
"
Ali grows apples = head b) John vwonders wnieftner she left
collecting
"
collett ftowers
"
d) e) flowers c) John vthinks tihfat she left
zu
=
head of constituent Vtobj sent .
.
1 ARGUMENT STRUCTURE
Predicates
'
ne ed to combine with smth .
to express semantic relations zw .
entities •
ZPP -
argh without Θ
"
rotes
Types of predicates they need in humber of argu :
don't select argu have subj
•
vary
-
.
.
. .
Intransitive predicates 1- place predicates to fall to work :
,
a It rains ; cannot be replacedbysmt .
2 Transitive
predicates 2- place predicates to love to plant meaningful
:
,
more
s Di transitive
predicates 3- place predicates to give to do nate :
,
-
not argu of verbano . Θ
' ' -
rote
4 Zero -
place predicates im pers . verbs : to rain to ,
snow a it =
explosive
Arguments
•
combine with predicates to express prepos .
• The unique Θ
' i
generalis ation
•
typicallynouns , per form rote in action described by predicates
-
each argu.is assigned one & only Θ
it -
rote
•
predicates assign theta role to argument
-
each Θ " -
rote is assigned one argu .
Main Θ' '
rotes a) predicate assign Θ
' ' -
rote taken , by argu .
Agent causer, actor an Ärrives % John arrives
*
initiator, expressed by predicate a, Policen an Shot % . . . the burglar
Θ
" "
a He works Antoine Kisses Mary ! cannot take multiple rotes !
targu
' ' -
2 Patient theme
under goer of d. Entität , die von der durch das Prädikat ausgedrückten Handlung betroffen ist
"
"
b Antoine Kisses Mary Ali gives Peter books
3 Goal
Entität , auf die die durch das Prädikat ausgedrückte Handlung gerichtet ist
"
"
[ Ali gives Peter books .
"
Experiencer
Entität , die einen Zustand erlebt , der durch Prädikat wird
"
psych .
"
ausgedr .
d Ali is cold Ali fears snakes
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