Summary History of Psychology Important Philosophers Chapter
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Course
History Of Psychology (6461PI003)
Institution
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
In this document you will find a schematic overview of the philosophers mentioned in chapters 2 to 4 of Chapters on Psychology by Prof. F. van der Velde. This literature is part of the course History of Psychology (Psychology, first year). The philosophers in the overview are: Plato, Locke, Hobbes,...
Psychology – Important Philosophers History of Psychology (2020-2021)
Plato + Chapter 2: Descartes vs Hobbes + Chapter 3: Locke vs Berkeley vs Hume + Chapter 4: Kant
Plato Descartes Hobbes Locke Berkeley Hume Kant
Individual behavior Social behavior: social Nature of government + Society is as a sum
contract (Leviathan) a nature of human knowledge of individuals.
sovereign will arise
from the people itself.
It has to protect the
people and enforce
their obedience to the
social contract that
prevents civil war.
Without a sovereign
people all have the
right to act to their
Appetites and
Aversions, but this
causes war.
- Human nature
is nasty,
brutish and
short.
Humans’
nature is a
state of war.
- all humans
are equal
from birth
Mechanicist: understanding how Mechanist: Mechanist: certainty of Mechanist:
something works, before you mechanisms describe knowledge derives from a The process of the
can do something with it how a society mechanical process by principles of
‘association’ is
, - Galileo: objects move operates and how it which the world generates mechanical, secondary
under a force (Descartes should behave. simple ideas in the mind. because they act qualities are
agrees with this when - The Appetites - Follows Descartes in like laws in physics. forms of
talking about everything and Aversions thinking of the perception,
material (made from we have are ‘animal spirits’ as and not
matter). So NOT the the forces the way the body different from
mind. that make us influences the soul. primary
- The body is like a move - Primary qualities: qualities. All
hydraulic system: it - The body is qualities that can be perceptual
moves because the mechanical, measured and qualities
heart(the force) pumps material, so it analysed depend on
blood through it. > moves in a (mechanism). forms of
animal spirits deterministic Measurable qualities perception we
- Determinism: by way. Our of matter. possess in the
analysing the forces that ability to - humans act to their mind.
move the objects, one reason (mind) pains and pleasures.
can predict the next also works They are two simple
movement. mechanically. ideas, based on
- The body is a reflection.
hydraulic
system: but it
is the
restriction of
the blood that
make us not
free.
- Reductionism:
psychological
processes are
reduced to
underlying
physical
processes.
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