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MERGED LPN HESI EXAMS
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wesleyfilesMERGED LPN HESI EXAMS
HESI
Health Education Systems Inc]
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,wesleyfiles
Question: 1
A middle-aged woman tells the nurse that she has been experiencing irregular menses for the past
six months. The nurse should assess the woman for other symptoms of:
A. climacteric.
B. menopause.
C. perimenopause.
D. postmenopause.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Perimenopause refers to a period of time in which hormonal changes occur gradually, ovarian
function diminishes, and menses become irregular. Perimenopause lasts approximately five years.
Climacteric is a term applied to the period of life in which physiologic changes occur and result in
cessation of a woman’s reproductive ability and lessened sexual activity in males. The term applies
to both genders. Climacteric and menopause are interchangeable terms when used for females.
Menopause is the period when permanent cessation of menses has occurred. Postmenopause refers
to the period after the changes accompanying menopause are complete.Health Promotion and
Maintenance
Question: 2
When obtaining a health history on a menopausal woman, which information should a nurse
recognize as a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy?
A. family history of stroke
B. ovaries removed before age 45
C. frequent hot flashes and/or night sweats
D. unexplained vaginal bleeding
Answer: D
Explanation:
Unexplained vaginal bleeding is a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy. Family history
of stroke is not a contraindication for hormone replacement therapy. If the woman herself had a
history of stroke or other blood-clotting events, hormone therapy could be contraindicated.
Frequent hot flashes and/or night sweats can be relieved by hormone replacement therapy.Health
Promotion and Maintenance
Question: 3
Which of the following statements, if made by the parents of a newborn, does not indicate a need
for further teaching about cord care?
A. “I should put alcohol on my baby’s cord 3–4 times a day.”
B. “I should put the baby’s diaper on so that it covers the cord.”
C. “I should call the physician if the cord becomes dark.”
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D. “I should wash my hands before and after I take care of the cord.”
Answer: D
Explanation:
Parents should be taught to wash their hands before and after providing cord care. This prevents
transferring pathogens to and from the cord. Folding the diaper below the cord exposes the cord to
air and allows for drying. It also prevents wet or soiled diapers from coming into contact with the
cord. Current recommendations include cleaning the area around the cord 3–4 times a day with a
cotton swab but do not include putting alcohol or other antimicrobials on the cord. It is normal for
the cord to turn dark as it dries.Health Promotion and Maintenance
Question: 4
The nurse is teaching parents of a newborn about feeding their infant. Which of the following
instructions should the nurse include?
A. Use the defrost setting on microwave ovensto warm bottles.
B. When refrigerating formula, don’t feed the baby partially used bottles after 24 hours.
C. When using formula concentrate, mix two parts water and one part concentrate.
D. If a portion of one bottle is left for the next feeding, go ahead and add new formula to fill it.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Parents must be careful when warming bottles in a microwave oven because the milk can become
superheated. When a microwave oven is used, the defrost setting should be chosen, and the
temperature of the formula should be checked before giving it to the baby. Refrigerated, partially
used bottles should be discarded after 4 hours because the baby might have introduced some
pathogens into the formula. Returning the bottle to the refrigerator does not destroy pathogens.
Formula concentrate and water are usually mixed in a 1:1 ratio of one part concentrate and one part
water. Infants should be offered fresh formula at each feeding. Partially used bottles should not have
fresh formula added to them. Pathogens can grow in partially used bottles of formula and be
transferred to the new formula.Health Promotion and Maintenance
Question: 5
The nurse is assessing the dental status of an 18-month-old child. How many teeth should the nurse
expect to examine?
A. 6
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
Answer: C
Explanation:
In general, children begin dentition around 6 months of age. During the first 2 years of life, a quick
guide to the number of teeth a child should have is as follows: Subtract the number 6 from the
number of months in the age of the child. In this example, the child is 18 months old, so the formula
is 18 – 6 = 12. An 18month-old child should have approximately 12 teeth.Health Promotion and
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Maintenance
Question: 6
Which of the following physical findings indicates that an 11–12-month-old child is at risk for
developmental dysplasia of the hip?
A. refusal to walk
B. not pulling to a standing position
C. negative Trendelenburg sign
D. negative Ortolani sign
Answer: B
Explanation:
The nurse might be concerned about developmental dysplasia of the hip if an 11–12-month-old child
doesn’t pull to a standing position. An infant who does not walk by 15 months of age should be
evaluated. Children should start walking between 11–15 months of age. Trendelenberg sign is
related to weakness of the gluteus medius muscle, not hip dysplasia. Ortolani sign is used to identify
congenital subluxation or dislocation of the hip in infants.Health Promotion and Maintenance
Question: 7
When administering intravenous electrolyte solution, the nurse should take which of the following
precautions?
A. Infuse hypertonic solutions rapidly.
B. Mix no more than 80 mEq of potassium per liter of fluid.
C. Prevent infiltration of calcium, which causes tissue necrosis and sloughing.
D. As appropriate, reevaluate the client’s digitalis dosage. He might need an increased dosage
because IV calcium diminishes digitalis’s action.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Preventing tissue infiltration is important to avoid tissue necrosis. Choice 1 is incorrect because
hypertonic solutions should be infused cautiously and checked with the RN if there is a concern.
Choice 2 is incorrect because potassium, mixed in the pharmacy per physician order, is mixed at a
concentration no higher than 60 mEq/L.
Physiological Adaptation
Question: 8
Teaching about the need to avoid foods high in potassium is most important for which client?
A. a client receiving diuretic therapy
B. a client with an ileostomy
C. a client with metabolic alkalosis
D. a client with renal disease
Answer: D
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