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The-Changing-Earth-5th-Edition-Monroe-Test-Bank Chapter 2: Test Bank Note: Questions with an asterisk (*) denote appearance in web quiz (Tutorial Quiz) Short Answer Essay Questions$12.49
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The-Changing-Earth-5th-Edition-Monroe-Test-Bank Chapter 2: Test Bank Note: Questions with an asterisk (*) denote appearance in web quiz (Tutorial Quiz) Short Answer Essay Questions
The-Changing-Earth-5th-Edition-Monroe-Test-Bank Chapter 2: Test Bank Note: Questions with an asterisk (*) denote appearance in web quiz (Tutorial Quiz) Short Answer Essay Questions GEOLOGY 3140 The-Changing-Earth-5th-Edition-Monroe-Test-Bank.
the changing earth 5th edition monroe test bank chapter 2 test bank note questions with an asterisk denote appearance in web quiz tutorial quiz short answer essay questions
The-Changing-Earth-5th-Edition-Monroe-Test-Bank Chapter 2:
Test Bank Note: Questions with an asterisk (*) denote
appearance in web quiz (Tutorial Quiz) Short Answer Essay
Questions
Chapter 2—Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory
ESSAY
1. What were the major lines of evidence for continental drift as presented by Wegener in the early
20th century?
ANS:
The glaciations on the Gondwana continents could only have occurred if the continents were joined,
since the centers of the glaciers would have been in the ocean if they were not. Also, the continents,
such as South America and Africa, match like a jigsaw puzzle. Fossil plant and animals are separated
by oceans, when the organisms must have lived in adjacent regions when they were alive. Finally,
similar rock sequences and mountain ranges could be connected across oceans.
PTS: 1 REF: LO1 Early Ideas About Continental Drift
2. Explain how mountain ranges can be used as evidence to support continental drift.
ANS:
A mountain range forms under the same geological conditions along its length. This means that the
same or nearly the same rock types are found along the range's length in the same or nearly the same
sequence. The processes that form mountain ranges tend to create somewhat linear elevated
features. So a mountain range that has been split, even if it has been separated by an ocean, is fairly
easy to recognize.
PTS: 1 REF: LO2 What is the Evidence for Continental Drift?
3. How does fossil evidence support continental drift?
ANS:
The distribution of fossils is such that it would be impossible for the plants and animals not to have
lived in contiguous land areas. Glossopteris seeds are too heavy to be dispersed by wind and would
not have remained viable if they had traveled far across the oceans. The plants associated with
Glossopteris do not match the climate zones the fossils are found in. As for the animals, it's hard to
imagine a freshwater reptile like Mesosaurus swimming across the Atlantic. And the land-dwelling
reptiles, Lystrosaurus and Cynognatuus, could not have swum at all!
PTS: 1 REF: LO2 What is the Evidence for Continental Drift?
4. Why were glacially deposited strata important in the development of continental drift theory?
ANS:
The glacial deposits indicated that all southern continents must have been contiguous and closer to the
south pole. Glaciers cannot form in the middle of an ocean, which is where they would have
originated if the continents were not together.
,The-Changing-Earth-5th-Edition-Monroe-Test-Bank Chapter 2:
Test Bank Note: Questions with an asterisk (*) denote
appearance in web quiz (Tutorial Quiz) Short Answer Essay
Questions
PTS: 1 REF: LO2 What is the Evidence for Continental Drift?
5. How is the phrase "the present is the key to the past" used in creating evidence for continental drift?
ANS:
, The-Changing-Earth-5th-Edition-Monroe-Test-Bank Chapter 2:
Test Bank Note: Questions with an asterisk (*) denote
appearance in web quiz (Tutorial Quiz) Short Answer Essay
Questions
Organisms probably lived in the types of environments where they live today, so a freshwater species
would probably not be found in salt water and a seed that would now be too heavy to float in the
atmosphere would have been too heavy in the past. Glaciers probably formed in the same
environments that they do now and not in the middle of the ocean. Similar rock sequences probably
indicate that the rocks are related to each other geologically and did not randomly generate the same
sequence.
PTS: 1 REF: LO2 What is the Evidence for Continental Drift?
6. Explain why submarine hydrothermal vents are interesting to scientists.
ANS:
Vents are interesting for biological, geological and economic reasons. Although nearly all of Earth’s
organisms directly or indirectly rely on photosynthesis for food, vent organisms rely on bacteria that
break down sulfur compounds for nutrients. Metal-rich fluids flow out of vents and form chimney-like
structures. The chimneys are full of metals that have economic value.
PTS: 1 REF: LO3 Features of the Seafloor
7. Briefly explain why apparent polar wandering is "apparent".
ANS:
Paleomagnetic studies of ancient rocks point to different locations for the north pole at different times.
When this is mapped out, it makes the pole appear to wander over time. The alternative to a wandering
magnetic pole, for which there is no other evidence at all, is that the continents move and, with them,
the rocks that contain the paleomagnetic data.
PTS: 1 REF: LO5 Paleomagnetism and Polar Wandering
8. Briefly explain why the movement of continents over geologic time was the best explanation for
polar wandering.
ANS:
Since the Earth has only one magnetic north pole now, it is extremely unlikely that there would have
been more than one in the past, but this would have been required to explain the different polar wander
paths of the different continents. The only other possible explanation is that the continents were once
joined and have since moved.
PTS: 1 REF: LO5 Paleomagnetism and Polar Wandering
9. How does seafloor spreading explain the movement of the continents?
ANS:
With seafloor spreading, the continents and oceanic crust move together as part of large plates. The
plate is pushed by the formation of new ocean crust and pulled by the subduction of old ocean crust.
New crust forms due to seafloor spreading.
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