Summary

Samenvatting neurogene taalstoornissen

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Course
Neurogene Taalstoornissen

Institution
Hogeschool Gent (HoGent)

Complete samenvatting (met afbeeldingen, inhoudstafel, schema's,...) over NAH, afasie en dementie. NAH: definitie, oorzaken, gevolgen, neurogene communicatiestoornissen. Afasie: definitie, oorzaken, gevolgen, Ellis&Young, soorten syndromen en vormen, diagnosiek en voorbeelden behandel- en testmater...

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Uploaded on May 1, 2022
Number of pages 57
Written in 2021/2022
Type Summary

nah
dementie
cva
hersenletsel
hersenletsels
communicatiestoornissen
afasie
oorzaken
ellis en young
semantisch systeem
broca
wernicke
conductie
globale
transcorticale
diagnostiek
scre
ellis amp young

Institution
Hogeschool Gent (HoGent)
Education
Logopedie Audiologie
Course
Neurogene Taalstoornissen

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Samenvatting Neurogene Taalstoornissen
NAH ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
DEFINITIE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
INCIDENTIE EN PREVALENTIE............................................................................................................................................... 4
OORZAKEN ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Niet-traumatische hersenletsels ......................................................................................................................... 5
CVA......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Tumoren ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Infecties ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Degeneratieve stoornissen ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Intoxicatie .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
2 Traumatische hersenletsels ................................................................................................................................. 7
GEVOLGEN ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
NEUROGENE COMMUNICATIESTOORNISSEN ......................................................................................................................... 9
AFASIE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
DEFINITIE ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9
INCIDENTIE EN PREVALENTIE............................................................................................................................................... 9
OORZAKEN VAN AFASIE ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
GEVOLGEN VAN AFASIE ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
TERMINOLOGIE ..............................................................................................................................................................10
TAALVERWERKINGSMODEL ELLIS & YOUNG ........................................................................................................................11
Semantisch systeem .............................................................................................................................................12
Auditief begrip ......................................................................................................................................................12
Auditief analysesysteem (AAS) ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Auditief input lexicon (AIL) ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Leesinhoudelijk begrip ..........................................................................................................................................13
Visueel analysesysteem (VAS) ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Visueel input lexicon (VIL)................................................................................................................................................... 13
Productie van een gesproken woord ...................................................................................................................13
Spraak output lexicon (SOL) ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Foneem systeem (FS) .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Productie van een geschreven woord ..................................................................................................................14
Grafeem output lexicon (GOL) ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Grafeem systeem (GS) ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
Het principe van dissociatie .................................................................................................................................14
VOORBEELDOEFENING ELLIS EN YOUNG .............................................................................................................................15
AFASIESYNDROMEN ........................................................................................................................................................18
Overzicht ...............................................................................................................................................................18
Broca afasie ..........................................................................................................................................................19
Uitingsvormen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Extra ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Wernicke afasie ....................................................................................................................................................19
Uitingsvormen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Extra ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Conductie afasie ...................................................................................................................................................20
Uitingsvormen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Globale afasie .......................................................................................................................................................20
Uitingsvormen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Extra ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Transcorticale afasievormen ................................................................................................................................21
Transcorticale motorische afasie ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Transcorticale sensorische afasie ....................................................................................................................................... 21

1

, Transcorticale gemengde afasie......................................................................................................................................... 21
Anomische afasie .................................................................................................................................................22
Uitingsvormen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Soorten vormen van anomie .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Hulpmiddel ............................................................................................................................................................23
DIAGNOSTIEK.................................................................................................................................................................23
Anamnese .............................................................................................................................................................23
Doel ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Medische voorgeschiedenis ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Logopedische voorgeschiedenis ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Persoonlijke gegevens ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Hoe kiezen voor de juiste test? ............................................................................................................................25
Logopedisch materiaal .........................................................................................................................................26
Screenings .............................................................................................................................................................26
ScreeLing ............................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Token Test ........................................................................................................................................................................... 27
UITGEBREIDE DIAGNOSTIEK ..............................................................................................................................................28
Klassieke benadering ............................................................................................................................................28
AAT (Akense Afasie Test) .................................................................................................................................................... 28
CAT-NL ................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Specifieke tests, aanvullingen en alternatieven ................................................................................................................ 30
Cognitief-neuropsychologische benadering ........................................................................................................31
PALPA (Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia)..................................................................... 31
WEZT (Werkwoord- en Zinnentest) ................................................................................................................................... 31
SAT (Semantische Associatie Test) ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Functioneel-communicatieve benadering + QoL .................................................................................................31
ANTAT (Amsterdam-Nijmegen Test voor Alledaagse Taalvaardigheid) ........................................................................... 32
Scenario Test ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32
BIPAC (Behoefte Inventarisatie en Probleem Analyse van Communicatieve Activiteiten)............................................. 32
BEBA (Birkhovense Evaluatieschaal behandeldoelen Afasie) ........................................................................................... 32
TOEPASSING DIAGNOSTIEK ...............................................................................................................................................32
Behandelmateriaal ...............................................................................................................................................33
Color cards........................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Anomix ................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
AfasietherapiePLUS ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Auditief Taalbegripsprogramma (ATP)............................................................................................................................... 34
Werkboek voor Afasie......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Nederlandse Afasietherapie ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Logotherapia ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Taaloefeningen voor Afasiepatiënten ................................................................................................................................ 34
Semantix Links ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34
BOX ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
FIKS....................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Werkwoordproductie op woord- en zinsniveau ............................................................................................................... 35
Visuele Cue Programma ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) ..................................................................................................................................... 36
Reduced Syntax Therapy (REST) ......................................................................................................................................... 36
Contraint Induces Aphasia Therapy (CIAT) ........................................................................................................................ 36
Afasiedigitaal ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Afasietherapie ..................................................................................................................................................................... 36
COGNITIEVE COMMUNICATIESTOORNISSEN ........................................................................................................................37
Hersentrauma (traumatic brain injury= TBI) .......................................................................................................37
Incidentie en prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Een specifieke populatie ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
Ernst ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Verschillende bewustzijnsniveaus ...................................................................................................................................... 38
Gevolgen .............................................................................................................................................................................. 39

2

, Onderzoek ........................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Behandeling ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41
TBI express........................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Casus .................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Collaboratie ......................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Elaboratie ............................................................................................................................................................................ 43
Rechterhemisfeerletsels .......................................................................................................................................44
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Niet-talige symptomen ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Talige symptomen ............................................................................................................................................................... 46
Diagnostiek .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Therapie ............................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Dementie ...............................................................................................................................................................50
Definitie ............................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Delier.................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Beperkte VS uitgebreide neurocognitieve stoornissen..................................................................................................... 51
Corticale en subcorticale dementie ................................................................................................................................... 52
Rol van de logopedist.......................................................................................................................................................... 55
Behandeling ......................................................................................................................................................................... 57

3

, NAH
Definitie
= niet-aangeboren hersenletsel (acquired brain injury), parapluterm voor alle na de geboorte
verworden hersenbeschadigingen van gelijk welke oorzaak

Incidentie en prevalentie
Incidentie: het aantal nieuwe ‘gevallen’ (per 1000 of 100.000) op een bepaald tijdstip in een
geografisch gebied

Prevalentie: het aantal aanwezige ‘gevallen’ (per 1000 of 100.000) op een bepaald tijdstip in een
geografisch gebied

Vb: Anno 2020 bedraagt de prevalentie van NAH …/100.000 in Europa.

Niet: exacte incidentie-en prevalentiecijfers gegeven worden omdat er geen uniforme definitie en
afbakening is van het begrip (><parapluterm)

Wel: stellen dat incidentie en prevalentie van NAH laatste 50 jaar sterk is toegenomen (door
vergrijzing): de levensverwachtingen nemen toe = de kans op neurogene stoornissen nemen ook toe

Oorzaken
2 grote categorieën:

1. Niet-traumatische hersenletsels
= kunnen ontstaan door een cerebrovasculair incident (CVA), tumoren, infecties, intoxicaties
of kunnen een degeneratieve basis hebben
2. Traumatische hersenletsels
= kunnen ontstaan ten gevolge van letsels aan de schedel of aan de hersenen

1 2

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