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PSY 447 Psychology of Aging – Study Guide Test 2_Latest updated,100% CORRECT

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PSY 447 Psychology of Aging – Study Guide Test
2_Latest updated

Unit 5: Chapter 5 (Person-Environment Fit) and Comments File

Terms to Know

• B = f(P,E) -
• PEI - person–environment interactions
• Competence - In the Lawton and Nahemow model, the theoretical upper limit of a
person’s ability to function.
• Environmental press - In the Lawton and Nahemow model, the demands put on a
person by the environment.
• Proactive - When people choose new behaviors to meet new desires or needs and
exert control over their lives
• Docile - When people allow the situation to dictate the options they have and exert
little control
• Ecology of Aging - Also called environmental psychology, a field of study that
seeks to understand the dynamic relations between older adults and the
environments they inhabit.
• Aging in Place - a balancing of environmental press and competence through
selection and compensation. Being able to maintain one’s independence in the
community is often important for people, especially in terms of their self- esteem
and ability to continue engaging in meaningful ways with friends, family, and
others.
• Adult Daycare - is like child day care, in that it is a group setting where a number of
adults who need assistance can spend the day. This can be an ideal situation for a
person who lives with a family member while the family member is at work.
• Congregate Housing -
• Assisted Living (ALFs) - Housing options for older adults that provide a supportive
living arrangement for people who need assistance with personal care (such as
bathing or taking medications) but are not so impaired physically or
cognitively they need 24-hour care.

Section 5.1
1. How do older adults often wear rose-colored glasses when it comes to moving?
What other age group tends to do this, too?
2. Understanding psychosocial aging means focusing on attention to individuals’ needs,
rather than treating all older adults alike (p. 129)
3. Who (ages) does environmental press affect?
• What you are capable of doing as a 5 year old differs from what you are capable of
doing as a 25, 24, 65, or 85 year old
• the demands put on you by the environment changes as you age
4. Be able to give / identify examples of physical, interpersonal, and social environmental
press,
regarding older age.

, • Physical
o a half-acre of lawn to mow
• Interpersonal
o The patience required to answer the repeated questions of your spouse with
Alzheimer’s, over and over, all day long
• Social Environmental
o learning to cook and do laundry or do home repairs, even though those tasks
are
not part of your cohort’s or culture’s gender roles
5. What constitutes inappropriate environment press? What should the environment
provide us?
****Inappropriate speech to older adults that is based on stereotypes of incompetence and
dependence**** (MEH?)
6. In terms of an environmental press, how (SPECIFICALLY) can homes provide too much
press for many older people, and how (SPECIFICALLY) can care facilities provide too little?
If an older individual is prone to falling, then an environmental press would be living
somewhere cold where there is a lot of ice, the environment would be providing too much
press.

,7. Understand internal locus of control and external locus of control.
• Refers to the extent to which people feel that they have control over the events
that influence their lives. If you believe that you have no control over what
happens and
that external variables are to blame, then you have what is known as an external
locus of control.
8. Understand the Congruence Model and be able to give / identify examples of
congruence related to older age (and of incongruence).
• Congruence Model
o People vary in their needs and environments differ in their ability to satisfy
those
needs; thus, people with particular needs search for environments that meet
them best.”
• focuses on
o 1) three types of limitations – those that are about the environment (such as
when
no reliable public transportation is available), those that affect a person’s
freedom (such as what time they can eat or what kinds of meals they can
have), and those that are within the person (such as fear of falling,
prejudice, etc.)
o 2) individual differences (poverty / financial comfort, a shy / outgoing
personality)
o 3) competence (abilities, such as getting dressed, managing stairs, etc.).
In addition, it focuses on people living in care facilities, though it can also
apply to other situations.
9. What are examples of limitations and individual differences regarding care facilities?
• Meals are served in specified “windows”
o (Breakfast from 7-9, lunch from 11-1, dinner from 4:30-6:30 – if you want to
sleep in
and have breakfast at 10, you are out of luck).
• Your room is too small to fit your piano, and you feel uncomfortable playing the
“public” one in the activity room.
o (Especially because most of the day that room is being used for activities.)

10. What is the Platinum Rule and why is it better than the Golden Rule?
• Platinum Rule
o “Do unto others as they would like to be done to.”
• Golden Rule
o Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” – but that assumes that
other
people have the same preferences you have.
11. Why is the personal freedom issue a bigger deal for someone in a care facility?
No matter how much a care facility might try to be like a person’s home, there will still be
limitations in what they can do. This is also true of universities (you can’t have pets in
dorm rooms), hospitals (you will be taken by wheelchair within the hospital, even though
you are there for a thyroid problem and can walk just fine – that’s to avoid lawsuits in
case you should slip), schools (remember walking in lines to PE, lunch, music?), and many

, workplaces (dress codes, etc.). It isn’t like the 80-year-old in the nursing home can’t
handle institutional requirements / rules – it’s just that in the past, they weren’t part of
her HOME. We are supposed to be able to make our own rules in our own home.
12. In most cases, who selects a care
facility? Family
13. What are ways nursing home staff can send messages that their residents
are not competent?
Resident competence is not valued as much as it should be and the staff may (because of
time pressures) provide assistance that is not really needed. It takes longer to let Aunt
Frances dress herself as much as possible so the staff puts her clothes on for her. After a
while, Aunt Frances gives up trying to get herself dressed and waits passively for help. (On
the other hand, you can

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