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Wetenschapsleer Universiteit Rotterdam - Alle Colleges 2022/2023
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Wetenschapsleer Universiteit Rotterdam - Alle Colleges 2022/2023
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lOMoARcPSD|2668334, lOMoARcPSD|2668334
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Wetenschapsleer College 1 Introductie...................................................................................4
Kapitalisme...........................................................................................................................4
PLUS.....................................................................................................................................4
IS...........................................................................................................................................4
Issues................................................................................................................................5
Sociale realiteit.................................................................................................................6
Wetenschapsleer College 2 Het ideaal van de positieve wetenschap......................................6
Herhaling..............................................................................................................................6
3 grote filosofische theorieën...........................................................................................7
Wetenschapsleer College 3 Het ideaal van de positieve wetenschap (2).................................8
Hermeneutiek......................................................................................................................8
Het ideaal van positieve wetenschap...................................................................................8
Ontologie..............................................................................................................................8
Epistemologie.......................................................................................................................8
Linguistic turn.......................................................................................................................9
Logische reductie...............................................................................................................10
Wetenschapsleer College 4 Het ideaal van de positieve wetenschap....................................11
Logisch positivisme.............................................................................................................11
Kritiek en aanpassingen......................................................................................................11
A revised model: the standard view...................................................................................12
Kritisch rationalisme...........................................................................................................13
Wetenschapsleer College 5 Het ideaal van de positieve wetenschap (4)...............................15
Herhaling............................................................................................................................15
Thomas Kuhn’s paradigma theorie.....................................................................................16
Wetenschapsleer College 6 Het ideaal van de positieve wetenschap (conclusies)................17
Thomas Kuhn’s paradigma theorie (herhaling)..................................................................17
Normale wetenschap.....................................................................................................17
Revolutionaire wetenschap............................................................................................17
Conclusies op basis van Kuhn.........................................................................................18
De Quine-Duhem thesis.....................................................................................................18
P2: X is een raaf..............................................................................................................19
Samenvatting ideaal van de positieve wetenschap............................................................20
Waarheidsconcepten.....................................................................................................20
Wetenschapsleer College 7....................................................................................................21
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Sociale systemen en functionele verklaringen...................................................................21
Functies in systemen......................................................................................................22
Drie problemen met functionele verklaringen (samenvatting)..........................................23
Wetenschapsleer College 8....................................................................................................24
Herhaling............................................................................................................................24
Rationele keuze-theorie.....................................................................................................24
1. Verschil ontologisch en methodologisch individualisme (tentamenvraag!)...............25
2. Assumpties over rationele agenten............................................................................25
Twee vormen van rationaliteit.......................................................................................26
Positief vs. Normatief.....................................................................................................26
Agency theorie en corporate governance..........................................................................26
Corporate governance........................................................................................................27
Twee oplossingen...........................................................................................................28
Wetenschapsleer College 9....................................................................................................28
Rationele keuze-theorie (herhaling)...................................................................................28
Agency theorie (herhaling).................................................................................................28
Corporate governance (herhaling).....................................................................................29
Speltheorie.........................................................................................................................29
Een coördinatieprobleem...............................................................................................30
Het ‘gevangenendilemma’.............................................................................................30
‘Battle of the sexes’........................................................................................................31
‘Chicken game’...............................................................................................................31
Rationele keuze-theorie – evaluatie...............................................................................32
Wetenschapsleer College 10..................................................................................................32
Hermeneutiek/fenomenologie...........................................................................................32
Intentionele verklaringen...............................................................................................33
Causale verklaringen......................................................................................................33
Functionele verklaringen................................................................................................34
Sociale betekenis-theorie...................................................................................................34
Betekenis........................................................................................................................35
Sociale betekenis onderzoeken......................................................................................35
Instituties........................................................................................................................35
Wetenschapsleer College 11..................................................................................................36
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Wetenschapsleer College 1 Introductie
Kapitalisme
- Eigendom (in het algemeen) o Control rights: jij kan ermee doen wat je wil o Residual return
rights: recht op winst/meeropbrengsten o Bij aandelen zijn deze rechten gesplitst (agency
theorie)
- Privébezit van productiemiddelen o Vroeger: kapitaal, arbeid, land, etc. (nu noemen we dit
input) o Nu: de organisatie die de waarde creëert
- Eigendom van bedrijven door financiers
Eigendom bedrijven door:
- Partnerschappen
- Coöperatie (meeste landbouw)
- Beursgenoteerde ondernemingen
- Overheid (staatseigendom)
- Familiebedrijf (meest voorkomend op de wereld)
- Stichting (non-profit = winst gaat terug in het bedrijf, meeste onderwijs en zorginstellingen)
Sumantra Goshal Negatieve beeld
van:
- Economische theorie: mensen worden geacht alleen voor eigen welvaart te werken
(rationele keuze theorie).
- Agency theorie: ik neem beslissingen, jij ondervindt consequenties. Ik kies daarbij altijd voor
mijn eigen belang.
PLUS
Het voorwendsel van absolute kennis in management
- Positivisme: uiteindelijk komt alle kennis uit feiten/waarnemingen. De feiten vertellen wat
waar/niet waar is.
- Determinisme: vastberadenheid, alles staat van tevoren vast causaliteit.
Uitgaanssituatie + Natuurwetten = Perfecte voorspelling
Zie je vooral in: natuurwetenschappen
Tegenovergesteld van:
Voluntarisme (vrije wil): ik ben de oorzaak van eigen handelingen.
Zie je vooral in: sociale wetenschappen
Ontologie: theorie over hoe de werkelijkheid in elkaar zit.
IS
Oorzaak van het economische falen aan het begin van de eeuw (fraude)
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