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Histology Basics of Microscopy, Blood smear, Epithelia, Connective Tissue $3.95   Add to cart
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Histology Basics of Microscopy, Blood smear, Epithelia, Connective Tissue

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  • Course
  • Histology
  • Institution
  • Comenius University Faculty Of Medicine

All you need to know for the theory part of your Histology exam for Blood smear (blood components), Basics of miscroscopy and staining methods, connective tissue proper and its components, covering epithelia, glandular epithelia. Illustrated with pictures.

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Document information

  • May 7, 2022
  • 8
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Dr. pauline galfiová
  • Microscopy, covering and glandular epithelia, blood smear and connective tissue proper

Subjects

  • basics of microscopy
  • microscopy
  • histology
  • covering epithelia
  • epithelium
  • epithelia
  • glandular epithelia
  • blood smear
  • blood components
  • connective tissue
  • connective tissue proper
  • staining
  • staining methods

Written for

  • Comenius University Faculty of Medicine
  • Histology
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Microscopy ✗ tissue preparation


Light microscope ( =
uses natural light)


resolving power = smallest distance between 2
particles at which they can be seen as separate objects
( Max .


012µm )
-
2 sets of lenses : •

eyepiece
•

objective
-
total magnification =
eyepiece ✗ objective


Electron microscope
-
beam is not light , it uses electron beam
-
resolution : 012 nm ( nooo ✗ better)

> transmission ITEM)
-
beam passes through specimens , image seen on fluorescent screen




> scanning ( SEM)
-
beam is scanning surface of specimen ,
not passing through
-
electron signal captured by detector
( worse resolution than TEM)




Tissue preparation



-

obtaining tissue ( biopsy / necropsy)
-
fixation ( to avoid tissue digestion , mostly formalin , osmium for SEM / TEM )

-
dehydration
-

clearing
-
wax embedding
-




-

sectioning ( paraffine sections)
-

staining ✗ mounting


methods
staining


( HE)
→ hematoxylin ✗ eosin

-
nucleus distinguished from cytoplasm
-
hematoxylin = basic dye , stains acidic structures purple ( nuclei , RER ) =
basophil ice
-
eosin = acidic dye stains basic structures pink ( cytoplasm collagen fibers) =
acidophil ic
, ,




> PAS -
reaction ( stains carbohydrates in cells )

-


polysaccharides basement membrane , mucin of goblet cells
,

, Epithelial tissue


-
covers surfaces cavities and forms glands
,
-

no or very little extracellular space ( tightly packed )
-
avascular ( no blood vessels or lymphatics present )

high regeneration
-




-
basal surface attached to basal lamina
-


covering and glandular
-

polarity of the cells :
apical domain ,
lateral domain , basal domain
v1 Iv to
connection to basal 1am
projections junctions .




basement membrane

basallaminaofepitheliumtfibrqremtiyulgarmlamn
gfunderlyingconnecttissue
-
=




( light micros c.)




> structural attachment , separation , filtration , regeneration
+ prevents cancer cells from spreading to other tissues



→ apical domain : -
microvilli ( absorbtion) immotile

-
stereocilia ( absorbtion) immotile

-
cilia ( movement) motile



→ lateral domain : -
impermeable occluding junctions C tight j .
)
-
anchoring j . I desmosome ,
zonula ad her ) .




-

communicating j .
( gap j .
,
hemidesmos )
.




→ basal domain ( basal info/ dings ) → ion
pumps



covering / lining epithelia


Layers -

simple squamous ( capillary ,
bronchi)

> simple ( single layer) -
simple cuboidal ( bite duct)

> stratified ( several sheets / layers) -
simple columnar ( uterus ,
tubes
,
intestine , stomach)

> pseudostratified ( simple , hight of cells different )
> transitional lurothel) -


pseudo str . columnar fairways epididimis) ,


-
transitional ( urothel) ( urinary bladder ) → umbrella cells

shape of cells
-
stratified squamous non keratinized Coral Cav .
, esophagus ,
-



squamous ( width greater than hight) 0 vagina ,
anal canal ,
vocal folds of larynx )
-
cuboidal 1 both same) ☐ -
Str .
squamous keratinized ( skin -
epidermis)
-
columnar ( hight greater than width) ①




! transition zone between 2 different epithelia → possible place for cancer e. g. cardio of stomach =
esophagus connects

to stomach -
different

epithelium

vagina -
uterus = cervical cancer

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