Summary Grade 12 Acids and Bases

Acids and
Bases

, Acids and Bases
Acids

- def: a proton (H+) donor
- explanation: acids are molecular substances that contains hydrogen ions, that during ionisation donate
hydrogen ions
- def of ionisation: reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions
- strong acids: it is an acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution
1. Hydrochloric Acid: HCl
HCl (aq)+ H 2 O(l) Cl - 1(aq) + H 3 O + 1(aq)

2. Nitric Acid: HNO3
HN03 (aq) + H 2 O(l) NO3- 1(aq)+ H 3 O + 1 (aq)

3. Sulfuric Acid: H 2SO 4
-2 +1
H 2 S04 (aq) + 2H2 O(l) SO4 (aq)
+ 2 H 3 O (aq)


- weak acids: it is an acid that ionises partially in aqueous solution
1. Hydrofluoric Acid: HF
HF(aq)+ H 2 O (l) F -(aq)
1
+ H 3 O+ 1(aq)

2. Phosphoric Acid: H 2PO 4
-3 +1
H 2 P04 (aq) + 3H 2 O(l) PO 4 (aq)
+ 3 H 3O (aq)


3. Sulfurous Acid: H2 SO 3
-1 +1
H 2 S03 (aq) + H 2O (l) HSO3 (aq)
+ H 3 O (aq)

4. Oxalic Acid: (COOH)2
-2 +1
(COOH) 2 (aq) + 2H 20 (l) (C00)2 (aq) + 2H 30 (aq)


5. Ethanoic Acid: CH 3COOH
-1 +1
CH3 COOH(aq) + H 20(l) CH 3COO (aq) + H 3 0 (aq)

- monoprotic, diprotic & triprotic: they are identified based on their amount of hydrogens

BAsES
- def: a proton (H+) acceptor
- explanation: it is a substance that when dissolved in water will produce hydroxide ions (OH - ) through
dissociation
- def of dissociation: the splitting of an ionic compound into its ions
- strong acids: it is a base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution
1. Lithium Hydroxide: LiOH
H20 +1 -1
LiOH (S) Li (aq) + OH (aq)