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Summary Autism and Mental Health
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Notes about autism and mental health. The document looks at prevalence of mental health issues within the autistic community as well as potential treatments and their efficacy
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Autism and Mental health• Mental health in autism: challenges for individuals and services
• Anxiety and autism
• Causal factors
• Interventions for anxiety
o Mediation
o Sensory – deep pressure
o Mindfulness
o CBT
o Assistance dogs
o yoga
Mental health in autism
- Autistic people are at an increased risk of mental health difficulties (Rodgers and Ofield, 2018)
- Buck et al. (2014) – 56% of sample of autistic adults met criteria of at least one psychiatric
disorder with anxiety having the highest prevalence
Literature
Sedgewick et al. (2021) – autistic people are more likely than non autistic to experience anxiety and
depression. Women and non binary autistic people experienced at a higher rate than men. Autistic
people were twice as likely than non autistic to experience eating disorders with similar gendered
patterns
Lai et al. (2019) – meta analysis
- 96 studies
- Satisfactory methodological quality – most common risk of bias was that target population was
not representative
- Pooled point estimates of co occurring mental health conditions in autsit varied between 4 and
28%
- Older age associated with higher prevalence of depressive, bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum
disorders than younger age
- Frequently reported co occurring mental health conditions
o ADHD
o Anxiety disorders
o Sleep-wake disorders
o Disruptive impulse control and conduct disorders
o Depressive disorders
o OCD
o Bipolar disorders
o Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
, Vasa et al. (2020) – large scale research on prevalence, phenomenology and correlates of mental
crisis in people with ASD
- Data from the interactive autism network – nations largest online ASD research registry
o People with ASD and family members
- 462 Ps in sample
o Sample 1 – mental health crisis scale and demographic variables
o Sample 2 – measures of parent mental health, family quality of life and mental health
treatment utilisation
- Prevalence of crisis was 39%(unweighted) and 32%(weighted)
o Highest for children, then adolescents, then young adults
- Elopement and self injury were most likely behaviours to result in crisis in 3-11
- Physical and verbal aggression were most likely behaviours to result in crisis in 12-25
- Variables significantly associated with crisis
o Younger age
o Lower language level
o Increased maternal depression
o Lower emotional wellbeing
- Majority of ASD who were in crisis (77%) met with a behavioural therapist/psychologist or
psychiatrist in last 3 months
- 1/3 of parents reported their child experienced a mental health crisis in last 3 months
- Self selection bias
Literature – impact of covid-19
Vasa et al. (2021)
- Online study from May 2020 to June 2020
- Blinded enrolment of parents – clinical research registry
- Child had to have a diagnosis and be between 2 and 17 years
- 257 respondents took part in survey
- Measures
o Demographics
o Childs awareness of COVID-19
o Psychiatric status of child
o Own level of anxiety and depression
- 64% of children had prior psychiatric condition – 41% experienced worsening
- Over half developed new symptoms – 29% had no pre existing
- 59% either a worsening or development of symptoms
- Most common pre pandemic – ADHD, anxiety and disruptive behaviour
- Most common pre existing that got worst during – depression, disruptive behaviour and anxiety
- Most common new symptoms – irritability, sleep issues, anxiety, disruptive behaviour
- Risk factors for increased psychiatric problems
o Covid 19 diagnosis in family
o Childs covid-19 understanding
o Higher parental psychopathology symptoms
- Middle and high income groups were less likely to have increased psychiatric problems than low
income
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