Summary Interventions for Autism Spectrum Conditions
1 view 0 purchase
Course
Autism Spectrum Conditions
Institution
University Of Reading (UoR)
These notes consider 4 commonly used interventions for ASC - video modelling, PECS, TEACHH and diets. Each is described and evaluated using relevant literature/research.
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) (nationalautismresources.com)
- Functional augmentative communication approach
- Designed to help people with little or no communication to communicate and initiate
conversation via the use of pictures
- The process works in 6 stages
o Exchange – image card offered in exchange of an item.
o Distance and persistence – exchange is made harder. E.g. may have to walk to a
snack table with card
o Picture discrimination – adults provides child with a picture of something they
like next to something they don’t like
o Sentence structure – putting images along Velcro strips to create sentences
o Responsive requesting – learns to answer questions with PECS
o Commenting – comment in response to questions such as what do you see? I
see, I hear, I feel etc
Literature
Flippin et al. (2010) – meta analysis
- 1994 -2009
- 11 studies
- Studies included at least one child pariticpant with ASD
- Included only single subject or group design experimental studies
- Excluded studies with comorbidity
- Dependent variables
o Communicative behaviours
o Speech or vocalisation
- Quality of evidence found to be adequate
- Increases in communication outcomes – maintenance of this only measured in one
single subject design. Small to moderate gains
- Questionable effectiveness and limited research showing improvements in speech
(although this is not an outcome of the intervention). Small to negative gains
- Moderating variables
o Joint attention
o Object exploration
, o Imitation
- Interrater reliability for the quality of evidence was high (84.2%-100%).
- It highlighted the need for further empirical research.
- Studies lacked clear information of how PECS was implemented, meaning the
relationship between intervention and outcome was unclear.
- The studies didn’t look at the long-term effects of using PECS for autistic children
without professional support i.e. using PECS with just a parent.
Ganz et al. (2012) – meta analysis
- Inclusion
o Diagnosed with ASD
o Target behaviours included social skills, adaptive behaviour, challenging
behaviour, communication or academic skills
o PECS was implemented
o Single case research design with experimental control
o Published in high quality peer reviewed journals – publication bias
- 13 articles included
- PECS is useful for targeted outcomes
- Promising intervention
Howlin et al. (2007) –evidence of improvement in communication but not long term
- Group randomised control trail
- Classes were randomised into 3 groups
o Immediate treatment group (PECS training immediately after baseline)
o Delayed treatment group (PECS training 2 terms after initial baseline)
o No treatment group
- Inclusion – clinical diagnosis of ASD, little of no functional language, no evidence of
sensory impairment, between 4 and 11 years, not be using PECS beyond phase 1
- Within autism classes following the UK national curriculum with access to other
therapeutic techniques
- Measures
o Communication initiations – observed videos of children on snack break and
standardised assessments
o Use of PECS
o Speech in classroom
- In group receiving PECS – significant post treatment increases in initiaions and used of
PECS in classroom
- Positive effects were not maintained after classroom consultations – may have been
due to less implementation
- Didn’t consider communication at home
Lerna et al. (2012) – improves social communication skills
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sarahnoble. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.17. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
