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Samenvatting Nederlands Taalbeschouwing 1
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Dit document is een samenvatting, die alles van Nederlands Taalbeschouwing 1 bevat, waaronder deel 1-4 van de cursus van Hanne Kloots.
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Samenvatting Taalbeschouwing 1Inhoud
Samenvatting Taalbeschouwing 1..........................................................................................................0
DEEL I: FONETIEK....................................................................................................................................3
...............................................................................................................................................................3
2. Spraakproductie.................................................................................................................................3
3. Indeling van de klanken......................................................................................................................3
3.1 Orale vs. Nasale klanken...............................................................................................................3
3.2 klinkers vs. Medeklinkers..............................................................................................................4
DEEL II: SPELLING - KLANKEN EN SYLLABEN............................................................................................5
1. Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Beknopte spellingsgeschiedenis...................................................................................................5
1.2 Klank vs. Letter..............................................................................................................................6
1.3 Hoofdregels..................................................................................................................................6
2. Splitsen in Lettergrepen......................................................................................................................7
2.1 Algemeen......................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Basisregels....................................................................................................................................7
2.3 Samenstellingen en afleidingen....................................................................................................8
2.4 Aanvullende regels en observaties...............................................................................................9
3. Klinkers...............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Vrije of 'lange' klinkers..................................................................................................................9
3.2 Gedekte of "korte" klinkers........................................................................................................11
3.3 De sjwa: [ ] (doffe "e")................................................................................................................11
4. Tweeklanken.....................................................................................................................................12
4.1 <au> vs. <ou>..............................................................................................................................12
4.2 <ei> vs. <ij>.................................................................................................................................13
4.3 Andere tweeklanken...................................................................................................................13
.....................................................................................................................................................13
5. Medeklinkers....................................................................................................................................13
5.1 Verdubbeling van de medeklinker..............................................................................................13
.........................................................................................................................................................15
5.2 Specifieke regels.........................................................................................................................15
Woorden van Griekse oorsprong..................................................................................................15
s-klanken (grandioze pose)...........................................................................................................15
,2021-2022 Taalbeschouwing 1 Renée Heuvelmans
Sjwa..............................................................................................................................................15
Grof...............................................................................................................................................15
n-klank (mayonaiseregel).............................................................................................................15
k-klank wordt g.............................................................................................................................15
Franse woorden (miljoenen medailles)........................................................................................16
Jou(w) en u(w)..............................................................................................................................16
5.3 Varia...........................................................................................................................................16
DEEL III: MORFOLOGIE..........................................................................................................................18
1. Morfemen.........................................................................................................................................18
.............................................................................................................................................................18
2. Ongelede vs. Gelede woorden..........................................................................................................18
3. Flexie ( = flexionele morfologie of buiging).......................................................................................18
3.1 Vervoeging..................................................................................................................................18
3.2 Verbuiging..................................................................................................................................18
.....................................................................................................................................................19
Historische noot...........................................................................................................................19
.........................................................................................................................................................19
3.4 Productieve vs. niet-productieve procedés................................................................................19
3.5 Terminologische kwestie: morfeem ≠ lettergreep......................................................................19
3.6 Vaste uitdrukkingen met oude naamvalsvormen.......................................................................19
DEEL IV: SPELLING - FLEXIE...................................................................................................................23
1. Werkwoorden...................................................................................................................................23
1.1 Onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd (o.t.t.)........................................................................................23
1.2 Onvoltooid verleden tijd (o.v.t.).................................................................................................24
1.2.1 Regelmatige werkwoorden (zwakke werkwoorden)............................................................24
1.2.2 Onregelmatige werkwoorden (sterke werkwoorden)..........................................................24
1.3 Voltooid deelwoord....................................................................................................................24
1.3.1 Regelmatige werkwoorden..................................................................................................24
1.4 Imperatief (gebiedende wijs).....................................................................................................25
1.5 Conjunctief.................................................................................................................................26
1.6 Engelse werkwoorden................................................................................................................26
1.7 Vervoeging van de gij-vorm........................................................................................................27
2. Buigingsvormen................................................................................................................................28
2.1 Meervoud...................................................................................................................................28
2.2 Telwoorden.................................................................................................................................28
2.3 Adjectief.....................................................................................................................................28
1
,2021-2022 Taalbeschouwing 1 Renée Heuvelmans
2.4 Genitief.......................................................................................................................................29
2
, 2021-2022 Taalbeschouwing 1 Renée Heuvelmans
DEEL I: FONETIEK
1. De spraakketen
= gesproken taal ≠ geschreven taal
Menselijke communicatie (gesproken taal) => fasen
o Fase 1: sprekers = idee in hun hoofd
o Fase 2: idee omzetten in woorden en zinnen (abstract, mentaal niveau)
o Fase 3: woorden en zinnen w. uitgesproken
o Fase 4: spraakgeluid
o Fase 5: luisteraar vangt luchtdrukstromingen op => geluid herkennen
o Fase 6: geluidsstroom woorden herkennen in specifieke volgorde => verstaan
o Fase 7: uit herkende woorden => bedoeling vd spreker afleiden => begrijpen
Fasen: zie schema p.7
o Bedoelen
o Formuleren
o Spreken
o Spraakgeluid
o Horen
o Verstaan
o Begrijpen
Articulatorische fonetiek Akoestische fonetiek Auditorische fonetiek
Spraakproductie Geluid, overdracht Waarneming, hoe w. klanken gemaakt
2. Spraakproductie
3 fasen:
Initiatie: er komt een luchtstroom op gang (eggressief)
Fonatie: luchtstroom => trillen v. stembanden (facultatief)
Articulatie:
o Algemeen: lucht => luchtpijp + stembanden => keel, mond en/of neushalte
o Medeklinkers: lucht = hindernis
o Klinkers: lucht ≠ hindernis => lucht vrij naar buiten
Klank/kleur klinkers: positie tong en vorm lippen
Zie boek p.9 => schematische voorstelling v/d spraakorganen:
3. Indeling van de klanken
3.1 Orale vs. Nasale klanken
! Huig = uiteinde v/h zacht gehemelte (2 posities)
Huig sluit neusholte af => lucht verlaat lichaam via de mond
(orale klanken)
Huig sluit neusholte niet af => lucht verlaat lichaam via neus
(nasale klanken)
Zie reflectie
3
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