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Detailed Lecture notes on the reign of King Richard
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RICHARD I:PREPARING FOR CRUSADE:
Richard takes the cross-
- WHY?
- July 1187, the battle of Hattin.
- October 1187, Jerusalem fell.
- Richard joined the 3rd crusade in November 1187
- He also realised, after Henry’s dealings with
the Church that a good relationship with them
was very important for a smooth reign. By A brief description of Richard’s Crusade;
going on crusade he was getting the church
on side - Raised lots of money
- It also ensured the church was free from - Put in place a strong regency
internal discord (everyone liked him now), - departed July 1190
again allowing for a good and stable reign.
Eg- solved disputes like Baldwin (ABoC) vs
- Took Cyprus, Acre, Ja a and other
some Monks. coastal areas
- Perhaps it was his independent nature, as - Failed to take Jerusalem in 1192.
previously shown by his rebelling against - Signed the treaty of Ja a with Saladin
Henry II - Captured by Leopold of Austria on his
- Obedience to mother? She too had been on way back
crusade
- Liked the challenge- he was a ghter
- HOW DID HE ENSURE HIS FAILY WAS HAPPY?
- Eleanor-
- Gave her respect and status
- Released her from house arrest immediately
- Allowed her to hold England until he became king.
- Gave her high honour on his councils
- Gave her extra English lands
- John-
- Gave him control of…
- Derbyshire
- Dorset
- Somerset
- Devon
- Cornwall
- Gloucester (through marriage)
- Mortain (part of Normandy)
- Geo rey (Richard’s half-brother)-
- Instead of punishing him for his involvement in the Great Rebellion,
- Richer made him the Archbishop of York
- NB- this made sure there was no chance of dynastic rivalry as being a churchman forced him
to become celibate.
- Also showed Richard could be harsh, even with blood relatives
- HOW DID HE ENSURE PHILLIP II WOULDN'T BE A THREAT?
- He split his crusader forces from Phillip
ff ffff fi
, - After the 1190 Messina disputes, the two signed a pact to respect each other’s boundaries
and territories.
- WAS THIS SUCCESSFUL?
- No
- Phillip went home early and broke the promise, siding with John in a rebellion
RICHARD I AND THE CHURCH-
- ATTITUDE-
- Pretty conventional, tbh
- A devout catholic by all accounts
- Involvement in the crusade was a least partly driven by religion
- BUT- he was probably more pragmatic; trying to keep them on-side
- He was fast to ll empty bishoprics, unlike HII
- More forceful in ensuring his nominations got into o ce
- COUNCIL OF PIPEWELL-
- September 1189
- Nominated his half brother Geo rey as ABoY
- Nominated William Longchamp (chancellor) as Bishop of Ely
- Hubert Walter; Bishop of Salisbury
- Richard Fitz-Neal; Bishop of London
- DISPUTES/SOLVED-
- Baldwin (ABoC) vs monks
- Gave Longchamp Legatine authority.
- When longchamp’s regency failed, Richard replaced him with Walter of Coutances
- OVERALL-
- generally, good
- Good relationship but rm control
- Needed a church free if disputes to allow for a successful reign
A TABLE TO SHOW RICHARD’S PREPARATIONS FOR THE CRUSADE AND PROS/CONS-
ACTION PROS CONS
Dismissed Ranulf de Glanville as Glanville was very close ton He was a talented and skilled
chief justiciar in 1189 Henry II. May have doubted his justiciar who held lots of power.
loyalties. He was also embezzling May have caused disruptions
Appointed Longchamp as Chief Richard’s other choices were A potential for longchamp to
Justiciar unsuitable (Mandeville) died. By become overly powerful as he
splitting the power N/S makes controlled the king’s bench court
logistical sense. Longchamp was and exchequer. Papal legateship
vv loyal caused problems with church.
Took power from lePuisset (N)
Replaced old sheri s and Loyal sheri s were needed for Many saw this as Richard I
replaced with new ones for stable ruling. He also got ££$$ to putting the needs of money
money assist with crusading and running before the security of the
the country kingdom. The appointment also
encouraged intrigue and
discontent.
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