bijzondere vraagstukken over het collectief en individueel arbeidsrecht
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
manama sociaal recht
Collectief en individueel arbeidsrecht
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INHOUDSOPGAVE
MODULE 1: collectieve arbeidsovereenkomsten ............................................................................................. 5
1.1 actualiteit ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 arbeidsreglement ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 kader van de europese gemeenschap rond de Cao’s ............................................................................. 7
1.3.1 nationaal niveau .................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.2 europees niveau .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Belgisch cao-recht ......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.4.1 toepassingsgebied ................................................................................................................................. 9
het werknemersbegrip ................................................................................................................................. 11
1.4.2 definitie van de collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst .............................................................................. 12
1.4.3 tot stand koming van een cao in een pc .............................................................................................. 13
1.4.4 soorten cao-bepalingen ....................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.5 binding!!!! ............................................................................................................................................ 16
1.4.6 op welke niveau’s worden cao’s gesloten? ......................................................................................... 18
1.4.7 geldigheids-en vormvereisten ............................................................................................................. 19
1.4.8 werking van cao’s in de tijd ................................................................................................................. 20
module 2: collectieve arbeidsconflicten – stakingsrecht ................................................................................ 21
2.1 inleiding ............................................................................................................................................... 21
2.2 begrip collectief conflict .............................................................................................................................. 21
2.3 begrip collectieve actie................................................................................................................................ 22
2.3.1 wat valt onder collectief optreden? .................................................................................................... 22
2.3.2 beperkingen op het collectief optreden vanuit het strafrecht ............................................................ 23
2.4 rechtsgrond voor het recht op collectieve actie .......................................................................................... 24
2.4.1 pab-wet 1948 (wet prestaties algemeen belang) ................................................................................ 24
2.4.2 art 6, §4 herziene europese sociaal handvest (hesh) .......................................................................... 25
2.4.3 art 11 evrm .......................................................................................................................................... 26
2.4.4 algemene rechtsbeginselen van het europese unierecht.................................................................... 26
2.4.5 internationaal verdrag inzake economische, sociale en culturele rechten ......................................... 26
2.4.6 nationale bronnen ............................................................................................................................... 26
2.5 beperkingen van het recht op staking ......................................................................................................... 27
2.5.1 beperkingen uit het cao-recht ............................................................................................................. 27
2.5.2 beperkingen die bij wet zijn voorgeschreven ...................................................................................... 27
2.5.3 beperkingen door het algemeen rechtsbeginsel van het verbod op rechtsmisbruik .......................... 30
2.5.4 beperkingen vanuit het eu-recht ......................................................................................................... 30
2.6 bedrijfsbezetting ......................................................................................................................................... 32
2.6.1 algemeen ............................................................................................................................................. 32
2.6.2 nieuwe krakerswet .............................................................................................................................. 32
2.7 de stakingsposten ....................................................................................................................................... 33
2.7.1 kortgeding tegen stakingsposten......................................................................................................... 33
2.8 uitsluiting/ lock-out ..................................................................................................................................... 34
2.9 bemiddeling en verzoening ......................................................................................................................... 34
2.10 gevolgen voor de individuele AOK ............................................................................................................. 34
, 2.10.1 misstappen bij de collectieve actie .................................................................................................... 34
2.10.2 werkwilligen....................................................................................................................................... 34
module 3: sociaal procesrecht....................................................................................................................... 35
3.1 afstand van recht ........................................................................................................................................ 35
3.1.1 mogelijkheid van asftand ..................................................................................................................... 35
3.1.2 wijze van afstand ................................................................................................................................. 37
3.2 de dading .................................................................................................................................................... 37
3.2.1 begrip ................................................................................................................................................... 37
3.2.2 onderscheid met andere figurn ........................................................................................................... 37
3.2.3 tot standkoming .................................................................................................................................. 38
3.2.4 ontbinding van de dading .................................................................................................................... 38
3.3 verjaring van de rechtsvordering uit de aok................................................................................................ 38
3.3.1 aard ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
3.3.2 personele toepassingsgebied .............................................................................................................. 39
3.3.3 aard van de verjaringstermijn .............................................................................................................. 41
3.3.4 aanvangstijdstip ................................................................................................................................... 41
3.3.4 schorsing .............................................................................................................................................. 43
3.3.5 stuiting ................................................................................................................................................. 43
3.3.6 de verjaring van rechtsvordering uit een misdrijf................................................................................ 44
module 4 – ontslagrecht ............................................................................................................................... 49
4.1 inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
4.1.1 juridische kenmerken van het ontslag ................................................................................................. 49
4.1.2 ontslagrecht versus ontslagmacht ....................................................................................................... 50
4.2 vormvrije karakter van het ontslag ............................................................................................................. 50
4.2.1 eenzijdige en substantiële wijziging .................................................................................................... 51
4.3 gerechtelijke ontbinding ............................................................................................................................. 52
4.4.1 gerechtelijke ontbinding van een aok van een beschermde wn al dan niet verkozen als
personeelsafgevaardigde in de or of in het cpbw ........................................................................................ 52
4.5 nietigheid van het ontslag ........................................................................................................................... 53
4.5.1 dreiging met een ontslag om dringende redenen ............................................................................... 53
4.6 de vakbond als werkgever ........................................................................................................................... 53
4.7 discriminatie bij het ontslag ........................................................................................................................ 54
4.7.1 geloof of levensbeschouwing .............................................................................................................. 54
4.7.2 handicap .............................................................................................................................................. 55
4.7.3 discriminatie bij ontslag door de overheid .......................................................................................... 55
4.8 beëindiging door opzegging ........................................................................................................................ 56
4.8.1 overgangsbepalingen (arbeiders – bedienden) ................................................................................... 56
4.8.2 de opzeggingstermijn .......................................................................................................................... 57
4.8.3 nietige opzegging ................................................................................................................................. 58
4.8.4 de opzeggingsvergoeding .................................................................................................................... 59
4.9 toepassing cao 109 op contractuelen in de overheid .................................................................................. 61
4.10 het ontslag om dringende reden ............................................................................................................... 62
4.10.1 motivering ......................................................................................................................................... 63
4.10.2 bergip dringende reden ..................................................................................................................... 63
4.11 de beschermde werknemer ....................................................................................................................... 64
4.11.1 beschermde werknemer van vakbondsafvaardiging ......................................................................... 64
, 4.11.2 klachten inzake pesten op het werk/ seksuele intimidatie ............................................................... 64
4.11.3 beschermde wn van het cpbw of or .................................................................................................. 65
4.12 kennelijk onredelijk ontslag cao 109 ......................................................................................................... 66
4.12.1 cumulatie van vergoedinen ............................................................................................................... 67
4.12.2 overdracht van ondernemingen en het kennelijk onredelijk ontslag ................................................ 67
module 5 – rechtspositie onderwijspersoneel (vlaanderen) .......................................................................... 67
5.1 inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 67
5.1.1 de titel ontleed .................................................................................................................................... 67
5.1.2 de onderwijsnetten ............................................................................................................................. 68
5.1.3 onderwijsniveaus ................................................................................................................................. 68
5.1.4 tewerkstelling in het vlaams onderwijs ............................................................................................... 68
5.2 historiek....................................................................................................................................................... 69
5.2.1 onderwijs tem midden 20e eeuw......................................................................................................... 69
5.2.2 het schoolpact van 1958 ...................................................................................................................... 69
5.2.3 impact van de staatshervormingen op het onderwijs ......................................................................... 69
5.2.4 de verschillende rechspositiedecreten ................................................................................................ 70
5.3 kwalificatie van de arbeidsrelatie ............................................................................................................... 71
5.3.1 het door de overheid ingericht onderwijs ........................................................................................... 71
5.3.2 het onderwijs ingericht op privé initiatief ........................................................................................... 71
5.3.3 quid bevoegde rechtscollege ............................................................................................................... 72
5.4 bevoegdheidsverdeling ............................................................................................................................... 72
5.4.1 relevante bepalingen ........................................................................................................................... 72
5.4.2 de rechtspraak van het grondwettelijk hof ......................................................................................... 73
5.4.3 gemeenschappen aan zet? .................................................................................................................. 73
5.4.4 een aantal toepassingen ...................................................................................................................... 74
5.5 basis-en secundair onderwijs ...................................................................................................................... 76
5.5.1 toepassingsgebied van rechtspositiedecreten .................................................................................... 76
5.5.2 opeenvolgende types van tewerkstelling ............................................................................................ 76
5.5.3 evaluatieregeling ................................................................................................................................. 77
5.5.4 tucht .................................................................................................................................................... 79
5.5.5 beëindiging van de arbeidsrelatie ....................................................................................................... 82
5.6 besluit .......................................................................................................................................................... 83
5.6.1 onderzoeksresultaten .......................................................................................................................... 83
5.6.2 naar een (ver)nieuwe(nde) rechtspositieregeling ............................................................................... 83
module 6 – discriminatie in arbeidsrelaties ................................................................................................... 84
6.1 toepassingsgebied ‘ratione personae’ & ‘ratione materiae’ ....................................................................... 84
6.1.1 welke arbeidsbetrekkingen worden bedoeld? .................................................................................... 84
6.1.2 wat wordt bedoeld met ‘alle personen’? ............................................................................................ 85
6.1.3 rechtspersoon ...................................................................................................................................... 86
6.2 definitie van discriminatie ........................................................................................................................... 87
6.3 toezicht........................................................................................................................................................ 88
6.3.1 wettelijke bepalingen .......................................................................................................................... 88
artikel 42/2 soc. sw. ...................................................................................................................................... 88
6.4 over enkele criteria...................................................................................................................................... 90
6.4.1 geloof/ overtuiging .............................................................................................................................. 90
6.4.2 huidige of toekomstige gezondheidstoestand?................................................................................... 90
6.4.3 handicap .............................................................................................................................................. 90
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