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Patogenicidad - Microbiología
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Depende de: Susceptibilidad del huésped → sistema inmune del huésped
Naturaleza del MO → Origen y factores de virulencia
Características del inoculo (muestra) → Cantidad de MO en la exposición, vía de entrada, tamaño,
tiempo de exposición
Patogenicidad Virulencia Infección Enfermedad
Capacidad de una Grado de patogenicidad Un MO patógeno se
especie, genero o grupo de una cepa en establece y se Cuando el huésped es
de MO para causar particular con un multiplica en el dañado.
enfermedad. Ej: huésped determinado, huésped.
Neisseria gonorrea, es cuantitativo. Ej: S. V > R = enfermedad
meningitidis pyogenes V < R = normalidad
Proceso infeccioso
1. Adherencia: El MO se fija a los tejidos Invasividad Toxigenicidad
2. Colonización: El MO se multiplica para Capacidad de un MO Capacidad de un MO
sobrevivir para invadir, de producir
3. Penetración: El MO invade otros tejidos sobrevivir y exotoxinas para
(producen factores de diseminación para multiplicarse dentro generar el daño.
ingresar a la célula) de un tejido.
LOS FACTORES DE VIRULENCIA ESTÁN CODIFICADOS POR
PLÁSMIDO, TRANSPOSONES E ISLAS DE PATOGENICIDAD.
Vias de entrada de bacterias
Ingestión Inhalación Parenteral
Bacterias → Escherichia coli Bacterias → Mycobacterium Traumatismo → Clostridium tetani
Salmonella spp Mycoplasma pneumoniae Virus de la rabia
Clostridium botulinum Cladymia pneumoniae Punción → Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus Virus → Virus respiratorio sincitial Pseudomonas
Virus → Enterovirus Paramixovirus VIH
Poliovirus Varicelazoster Virus hepatitis B
Virus hepatitis Hongos → Histoplasma Picadura → Rickettsia
Parasitos → Giardia lamblia Blastomyces Coxiella
Enterobius vermicularis Coccidioides Yersinia pestis
Entamoeba histolytica Tracto genitourinario Plasmodium
Taenia solium Inf. Urinaria → Escherichia coli Tripanosoma cruzi
Proteus sp
Piel Trans. sexual: → Neisseria gonorrhoae Transplacentaria
General → Necator americanus Treponema pallidum General → Treponema pallidum
Dermatofilos Papiloma virus Rubeola
VIH Citomegalovirus
Herpes simple Toxoplasma gondii
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