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Genetica bacteriana - Microbiología $10.49   Add to cart

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Genetica bacteriana - Microbiología

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  • May 16, 2022
  • 2
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Katina latorre
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bacteriana
El DNA posee dos funciones principales en los
MO, la replicación y la expresión genética; esta
Son el conjunto de Son las características ultima se realiza a través de:
características genéticas de una bacteria  Síntesis del RNA dependientes del DNA
observables de una y que puede transmitir a (traducción)
bacteria la descendencia (DNA)  Síntesis de proteínas a partir del DNA
(transcripción, en un RNA mensajero


El MO expresara genéticamente lo que el medio ambiente le permita en cuanto a los nutrientes
presentes en el y es capaz de adaptarse rápidamente a ellos.
El genoma bacteriano es una molécula simple de DNA haploide, excepto:
o Borrelia sp → Tiene un cromosoma lineal
o Leptospira interrogans → Tiene un cromosoma diploide
o Burkholderia cepacia → Tiene un cromosoma triploide (bacilos Gram – no fermentador)

plásmidos
Es material genético extracromosomal, tienen doble hebra de DNA, menor tamaño que un cromosoma,
codifican rasgos no esencial para la bacteria (los plásmidos no son esenciales para la vivencia de una
bacteria), se replican de forma independiente al cromosoma bacteriano.
Plásmidos R: Codifican para la resistencia antibiótica
Plásmidos col: Codifican factores que actúan como toxinas
Plásmidos metabólicos: Codifican para el metabolismo de moléculas complejas (resistencia a
metales pesados)
Plásmidos de virulencia: Codifican para factores de virulencia
Plásmidos conjugativos: Son los que se transfieren de una bacteria donante a una receptora,
dando características que antes no tenia.

Variabilidad genética
Le permiten la variación de una población o especie, por medio de dos mecanismos:
Variabilidad genética

Mutación Transferencia
horizontal
Espontanea Inducida
Transformación Conjugación Transducción

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