In this summary the theory needed for the progress test has been written. Some questions with the right answers from the progress test are also included in this summary. I advice you to look at my other progress test material as well since I past all my test with this material combined.
Job rotation = movement of employees from one job to another within an organization to
achieve various hum recourses objectives, such as orienting new employees.
Job enlargement = horizontal expansion of the job -> extra duties and tasks to the same job
Job evaluation =Determines worth of each job by determining value/skills
Job enrichment = vertical expansion of the job -> more functions and responsibilities for the
employee
Job design = Number/kind/variety of tasks the workers perform in doing their job
What is the benefit of job rotation?
- Makes it less boring for employees, motivates them
- Employers can see who is good in which position
- Broaden the skills of the employees
-
Kasarek’s job demand-control scheme
Porter’s 4 competitive strategies:
1. Overall cost leadership strategy:
2. Differentiation strategy: firm seeks to be unique, with a premium price
3. Focus: the focus strategy the focuser selects a segment to focus on. The segments
need to be special with unusual needs or be different from other segments. There
are 2 types of focus strategy:
- Cost focus strategy: firm seeks a cost advantage in the target segment
- Differentiation focus strategy: seeks differentiation in the target segment
,Recency effect definition
- Managers remember the things an employee said or did as last better than the things
an employee did/said a while ago
Hiring process
- Recruitment= potential applicants are searched for and encouraged to apply
- Selection= hiring people among the shortlisted candidates
Employee handbook:
- A handbook used by employees is a guide on how to work in this organization.
Performance assessment model phases
1. Planning
2. Monitoring
3. Reviewing
4. Rewarding
Halo effect= one trait of a person is used to make an overall judgement
Reflection effect= people are risk averse in gains and risk seeking in losses
False consensus= people think that most of the other people agree with their opinion/beliefs
Advantage of compensation based on group performance → something with better
performance
A girl is preparing a meeting for a company with some needs … → needs assessment
Tourism management
How long does it take before plastic is gone?
- Over 400 years
What is an example of a package?
- Cruise
Is the economic or physical life span longer?
- Economic life span is longer
Is over tourism the same as mass tourism?
- Not a new phenome
Which one can also between brackets?
- Et all.
Higginbottom definition wildlife tourism: bb
- Wildlife tourism is tourism based on encounters with non-domesticated (non-human)
animals. These encounters can occur in either the animals’ natural environment or in
captivity.
USP
- Unique selling proposition= unique product/service and stand out from competitors
User persona:
- Fictional character based on your current or ideal customers and represent the
needs of a larger group of users
Empathy map
- Map with everything you know about a particular type of user. What does the
persona think, does, feel and says
, Tourism
- Activities of a person traveling outside his/her usual environment for less than a
specified time and whose purpose to travel is other than exercise of an activity
remunerated from the place visited
What is the main reason mergers fail? Strategic book
- The existence of different organizational cultures
Acquisition fee
- When renting a car, you have to pay acquisition fee to the lessor for arranging a lean
Perishability:
- A specific seat on a plane cannot be sold another day since they plane already left
Airport codes, which one is not from a city but from a hub
- AMS & MAD not, something with CDR
What is the strategy in visitor management by using signs?
- Reduces conflict among tourists
Marcus & van Dam strategy
- Strategy is a plan that states what an organization needs to do to reach its goals
Different integration forms:
- Horizontal integration= acquiring or merging with competitors in the same
production stage
- Vertical integration= expanding into another production stage
- Diagonal integration= the use of technology to build platforms to get closer to their
targeted customers
Inbound/outbound/ domestic tour operator
- Inbound= tour operator arranging everything for tourist that are coming to their
country
- Outbound= a tour operator arranging a trip for tourists that are going abroad
- Domestic= tour operator offering within the same country
Organizational systems
- Line organization= only managers at the top
- Line and staff organization= specialized staff give advice the managers
- Functional and line staff organization= specialized staff can also talk to the lower
level so not only the managers as the systems above
- Line-staff-committee organization
- Matrix organization
- Project-based organization
- Internal project organization
Slack & Lewis (2015) operations strategy
- Strategic perspective on how operations recourses and processes are managed
What was the motivation to travel?
- Greeks: leisure and sport ethic
- Romans: expansion of the roman empire
- Middle-ages: General population as day-trippers in immediate locality related to Holy
Days
- Renaissance and reformation: holy days & improved road access
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