Dit is een samenvatting van alle lessen en powerpoints van methoden, ik heb alle lessen gevolgd en waar ze extra aandacht aan besteed hebben heb ik ook uitgebreider uitgeschreven. Ik was er door met deze samenvatting te leren!
Inhoud
Waarom Methoden?..............................................................................................................................6
Iedere psycholoog moet kennis claims kunnen beoordelen...............................................................6
Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding: Belang en Functies van kwalitatief onderzoek...................................................8
Wat is kwalitatief onderzoek?............................................................................................................8
Kennistheoretische benadering in kwalitatief onderzoek..................................................................8
Verschillen tussen kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve kennistheorieën................................................9
Vergelijking kennistheorieën: neutrale onderzoeker?...................................................................9
Kwalitatief onderzoek in de empirische cyclus...................................................................................9
Kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve vragen...............................................................................................11
Casussen oplossen:.......................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSIE.......................................................................................................................................12
Hoofdstuk 2: Zelf-Rapportage..............................................................................................................13
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................13
WAT?............................................................................................................................................13
WANNEER?...................................................................................................................................13
Zelf-rapportage en kennistheorieën.................................................................................................14
Kwantitatieve oplossingen:...........................................................................................................14
Kwalitatieve oplossingen:.............................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 3: Zelfrapportage en kwalitatieve interviews......................................................................15
Zelfrapportage: kwalitatieve interviews...............................................................................................15
Definitie interview + gebruik............................................................................................................15
Verschillende vormen.......................................................................................................................15
Volledig gestructureerd interview................................................................................................15
Ongestructureerd interview.........................................................................................................15
Semi-gestructureerd interview.....................................................................................................16
Interviews en kennistheorieën.........................................................................................................16
Opstellen van vragen en interview aan........................................................................................16
Rol onderzoeker...........................................................................................................................16
Hoe maak je een interview...............................................................................................................16
Types vragen.................................................................................................................................16
Volgorde vragen...........................................................................................................................17
De interviewer als instrument..........................................................................................................17
Interview techniek........................................................................................................................17
Soorten probes.............................................................................................................................17
1
,Zelfrapportage: Narratieven.................................................................................................................18
Definitie en afbakening.....................................................................................................................18
Co-contstructie/ conversationeel narratief..................................................................................18
Narratieven: voorbeelden: (nalezen: college 3 dia 44 – 53).........................................................18
Waarom narratieven?.......................................................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 4: Focusgroepen..................................................................................................................20
Wat zijn focusgroepen......................................................................................................................20
Eigenheid focusgroepen...............................................................................................................20
Kenmerken focusgroepen.............................................................................................................20
Geschiedenis.....................................................................................................................................21
tevreden.......................................................................................................................................21
Ontevreden niet-gebruiker focusgroepen....................................................................................21
Wanneer gebruiken in de psychologie.............................................................................................21
Primaire onderzoeksdoelen (= als onderzoek op zich)..................................................................21
Secundaire onderzoeksdoelen......................................................................................................22
Hoe verloopt een focusgroep onderzoek?........................................................................................24
STAP 1: plannen............................................................................................................................24
STAP 2: participanten en groepen................................................................................................24
STAP 3: praktisch: locatie, timing en aantal groepen....................................................................25
STAP 4: inhoud: vragen en volgorde voorbereiden......................................................................25
STAP 5: rol van moderator............................................................................................................26
STAP 6: registreren en analyseren van data.................................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 5: Kwaliteit en ethiek in kwalitatief onderzoek...................................................................27
Onderzoekskwaliteit.............................................................................................................................27
1: STANDAARDEN VAN KWALITEIT IN ALLE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK................................27
Stappen in empirische onderzoek cyclus en bijhorende kwaliteitscriteria...................................27
2: standaarden van kwaliteit in kwantitatief vs. Kwalitatief onderzoek...........................................28
Hoe beoordeel je kwalitatief onderzoek?.....................................................................................28
Definities in kwantitatief onderzoek.............................................................................................28
Definities in kwalitatief onderzoek...............................................................................................29
Deel 2: onderzoeksethiek.....................................................................................................................31
Ethische basisprincipes.....................................................................................................................31
Psychologen geven voorrang aan het welbevinden (‘beneficence principle’)..............................31
Psychologen respecteren de rechten en waardigheid van participanten / cliënten (‘respect
principle’)......................................................................................................................................31
2
, Psychologen zijn verantwoordelijk en betrouwbaar in relatie tot participanten / cliënten (‘fidelity
& responsibility principle’)............................................................................................................31
Psychologen zijn integer in relatie tot participanten / cliënten en collega’s (‘integrity principle’)
......................................................................................................................................................31
Psychologisch onderzoek is sociaal rechtvaardig (‘justice principle’)...........................................31
Onderzoeksproces............................................................................................................................32
Omgeving van onderzoeker..............................................................................................................32
Ethische kwesties: informed consent...............................................................................................32
Inbreuken.....................................................................................................................................33
Ethische kwesties: privacy en databescherming...............................................................................33
Ethische codes..............................................................................................................................34
Hoofdstuk 6: observatiestudies............................................................................................................35
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................35
Definitie en afbakening.................................................................................................................35
Wanneer gebruiken?........................................................................................................................35
Experimentele observatie.................................................................................................................35
Gestructureerde natuurlijke observatie.......................................................................................37
Participerende observatie................................................................................................................38
Rol van de onderzoeker................................................................................................................38
Etnografie.....................................................................................................................................39
Hoofdstuk 7: onderzoeksopzet en gevalsstudies..................................................................................41
Wat is een onderzoeksopzet?...........................................................................................................41
Definitie en gebruik......................................................................................................................41
Methoden van dataverzameling?.................................................................................................41
Selectie van samples / cases?.......................................................................................................42
Methode van data-analyse?.........................................................................................................43
Waarom is ‘de late dienst’ voorbeeld van gevalsstudie?..................................................................43
Definitie en doel gevalstudie........................................................................................................43
Voorbeeld gevalstudie: “de late dienst”.......................................................................................44
Hoe doe je een gevalsstudie?...........................................................................................................45
stap 1: theorie ontwikkelen..........................................................................................................45
stap 2: afgrenzen & eenheden kiezen...........................................................................................46
stap 3: gevallen selecteren...........................................................................................................47
Hoe beoordeel je kwaliteit van gevalsstudie....................................................................................47
College 8: gecombineerde methoden..................................................................................................48
MIXED METHOD vs. MULTI METHOD...............................................................................................49
3
, WAARTOE gebruik je gecombineerde methoden?...........................................................................49
Triangulatie...................................................................................................................................49
Complementariteit.......................................................................................................................50
Initiatie.........................................................................................................................................51
Ontwikkeling.................................................................................................................................52
Expansie........................................................................................................................................53
5 modellen en variaties....................................................................................................................55
College 9: Transcriptie en organisatie/coderen....................................................................................57
Inleiding: verwerken van data..........................................................................................................57
Van data naar inzicht:...................................................................................................................57
Vragenlijsten met open antwoorden................................................................................................57
Segmenteren................................................................................................................................57
Coderen........................................................................................................................................58
Interviews en focusgroepen.............................................................................................................58
Transcriptie...................................................................................................................................58
Andere elementen voor de transcriptie:......................................................................................59
Coderen........................................................................................................................................59
observatiestudies.............................................................................................................................60
Letterlijk coderen..........................................................................................................................60
Functioneel coderen.....................................................................................................................61
College 10: thematische analyse of inhoudsanalyse.............................................................................63
Inleiding, definitie en gebruik...........................................................................................................63
Definitie........................................................................................................................................63
Gebruik.........................................................................................................................................63
Algemeen verloop............................................................................................................................64
Stap 1: Verkrijgen textuele data...................................................................................................64
Stap 2: ‘Analytic effort’.................................................................................................................64
Stap 3: thema’s en subthema’s identificeren...............................................................................64
Stap 4: verfijning van thema’s......................................................................................................64
Stap 5: interpretatie en samenhang.............................................................................................65
Stap 6: rapport schrijven..............................................................................................................65
Interpreteren ongestructureerd interview: Voorbeeld: “praten over ziekte”..............................66
Kwaliteit van inhoudsanalyse...........................................................................................................66
1. IBB Interbeoordelaarsbetrouwbaarheid...................................................................................66
2. Afdekking van de data..............................................................................................................67
3. Nieuwe inzichten......................................................................................................................67
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