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Minor Immunologie: Samenvatting IMM

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  • Course
  • Minor Immunologie (IMM)
  • Institution
  • Hogeschool Leiden (HSL)

Samenvatting van alle hoorcollege + extra informatie uit het boek met duidelijke afbeeldingen. Ik heb een 8,0 gehaald voor de toets! Hoofdstuk 1 t/m 8 zijn herhaling van jaar 2.

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Document information

  • May 19, 2022
  • 95
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • imm
  • b lymfocyten
  • t lymcofyten
  • immuuntherapie
  • auto immuniteit
  • allergieën
  • transplantatie
  • immunologie
  • immuunregulatie

Written for

  • Hogeschool Leiden (HSL)
  • Biologie En Medisch Laboratoriumonderzoek
  • Minor Immunologie (IMM)
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By: nmohaned • 2 year ago

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Minor Immunologie




1

,Inhoud
1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Onderscheid tussen binnengedrongen pathogenen................................................................................................................ 4
1.2. Afweer linies ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2. De cellen van het immuunsysteem ................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1. Cellen van het aangeboren immuunsysteem .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. Cellen van het verworven immuunsysteem ............................................................................................................................ 6
3. Cellulaire vs humorale immuniteit .................................................................................................................................................. 7
4. Aangeboren vs verworven immuniteit ........................................................................................................................................... 7
5. Eerste verdedigingsmechanisme: aangeboren immuunsysteem ................................................................................................... 8
5.1. Barrières ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2. Complement systeem .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
5.2.1. Routes en activatie.......................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.2.2. Effectorfuncties van het complementsysteem ............................................................................................................... 11
6. Herkennen van pathogenen ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
6.1. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) ................................................................................................................ 13
6.2. Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) ................................................................................................................................... 14
6.3. Na de pathogeen-herkenning ................................................................................................................................................ 16
7. Fagocytose .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.1. Communicatie ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18
8. Lymfoïde organen ......................................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.1. Primaire lymfoïde organen .................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.2. Secundaire lymfoïde organen ................................................................................................................................................ 19
9. Ontwikkeling, selectie en training van T-lymfocyten .................................................................................................................... 20
9.1. HLA en TCR ............................................................................................................................................................................. 20
9.2. T-cel ontwikkeling en selectie ................................................................................................................................................ 21
10. Activatie T-lymfocyten ................................................................................................................................................................ 22
10.1. Activatie van naïeve T-cellen door DC’s ............................................................................................................................... 22
10.2. Overmatige of ongewenste T-cel activatie .......................................................................................................................... 27
10.3. Balans in T-cel subsets ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
11. B-lymfocyten en antilichamen .................................................................................................................................................... 30
11.1. Antilichamen ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30
11.1.1. Isotypen antilichamen ................................................................................................................................................... 33
11.1.2. Effector functies van antilichamen ............................................................................................................................... 35
11.2. Gene rearrangement............................................................................................................................................................ 37
11.2.1. Tijdens VDJ rearrangment: P- en N-nucleotiden toevoeging ........................................................................................ 38
11.3. B-cel ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................................................ 39
12. Immuun regulatie en tolerantie .................................................................................................................................................. 43
12.1. Immuun tolerantie ............................................................................................................................................................... 44
2

, 12.2. Regulatoire T-lymfocyten ..................................................................................................................................................... 47
13. Immuniteit tegen virussen .......................................................................................................................................................... 51
13.1. Herkennen van virussen....................................................................................................................................................... 52
13.2. Virus bestrijding ................................................................................................................................................................... 52
13.2.1. Interferonen .................................................................................................................................................................. 52
13.2.2. Cytotoxische T-lymfocyten............................................................................................................................................ 54
13.2.3. Natural-killer cellen ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
13.2.4. Crosspresentatie ........................................................................................................................................................... 57
13.2.5. Virus bestrijding d.m.v. antilichamen ........................................................................................................................... 58
13.3. Immuun ontwijking door virussen ....................................................................................................................................... 59
14. Immuniteit tegen bacteriën ........................................................................................................................................................ 62
14.1. Immuun ontwijking door bacteriën ..................................................................................................................................... 64
15. Immuniteit tegen parasieten ...................................................................................................................................................... 66
16. Allergieën .................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
17. Auto-immuniteit ......................................................................................................................................................................... 74
17.1. Risicofactoren voor het ontwikkelen van een auto-immuunziekte ..................................................................................... 74
17.2. Preventie mechanismen ...................................................................................................................................................... 76
17.3. Auto-immuniteit = hypersensitiviteit ................................................................................................................................... 77
17.4. Ontwikkeling auto-immuniteit ............................................................................................................................................. 80
17.5. Behandeling auto-immuunziekten ....................................................................................................................................... 83
18. Transplantatie ............................................................................................................................................................................. 84
19. Immuniteit en kanker.................................................................................................................................................................. 90
19.1. Andere strategieën .......................................................................................................................................................... 96




3

, 1. INLEIDING

Functie immuunsysteem

• Moet adequaat in actie komen tegen alle potentiële schadelijke binnendringers
• Moet onderscheid maken tussen eigen en lichaamsvreemd
• Moet onderscheid maken tussen gevaarlijk en ongevaarlijk

Bescherming tegen pathogene micro-organismen

• Virussen
• Bacteriën
• Schimmels
• Protozoa
• Wormen parasieten

1.1. ONDERSCHEID TUSSEN BINNENGEDRONGEN PATHOGENEN

Intracellulaire pathogenen

• Alle virussen
• Sommige bacteriën
- Salmonella typhi
• Sommige protozoa
- Plasmodium falciparum

Extracellulaire pathogenen

• Meeste bacteriën en protozoa
• Meeste meercellige parasieten

1.2. AFWEER LINIES

1. Barrières (aangeboren)

• Mechanisch
• Biologisch
• Chemisch

2. Algemene/ aangeboren afweer

• Wanneer het pathogeen de huid en/of slijmvliezen is gepasseerd
• Vanaf de geboorte meegekregen
• Fagocyten, NK-cellen en effector eiwitten

3. Specifieke/ verworven afweer

• Als het aangeboren systeem ontoereikend is
• Specifieke reacties tegen individuele indringers
• Maakt gebruik van immunologisch geheugen
• Cellulaire afweer (T-lymfocyten)
• Humorale afweer (B-lymfocyten)




4

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