Over-nutrition
A condition that results from eating too much, or eating too many of the wrong types of food, or taking too many vitamins or other dietary supplements.
Deficiency
The absence of a particular nutrient in the body, due to a lack in the diet or conditions that prevent nutrients b...
Unit 19 Nutritional Health
Over-nutrition - ANSWERA condition that results from eating too much, or eating too
many of the wrong types of food, or taking too many vitamins or other dietary
supplements.
Deficiency - ANSWERThe absence of a particular nutrient in the body, due to a lack in
the diet or conditions that prevent nutrients being absorbed from the diet.
Antioxidant - ANSWERSubstances that may prevent or delay some types of cell
damage, such as cancer. Antioxidants are found in many foods, including fruits and
vegetables and include beta-carotene, lycopene and vitamins A, C and E.
Basal metabolism - ANSWERThe energy necessary to maintain vital body functions,
such as respiration and circulation, while fasting and at total rest.
Free sugars - ANSWERSugars added to foods, including in baking, as opposed to
naturally occurring sugars, such as lactose in milk and fructose in fruit.
Polysaccharides - ANSWERThree or more monosaccharides combined together to form
complex carbohydrates.
Monosaccharide - ANSWERThe simplest form of carbohydrate, it is the building block
for more complex carbohydrates.
Rickets - ANSWERCondition in which children's bones are soft and deformed. Tends to
affect the leg bones, which bear most of the child's body weight, but can also affect the
spine. There is a risk of bone fractures, and children with rickets are more prone to tooth
decay.
Osteomalacia - ANSWEROr soft bones, is Vitamin D deficiency in adults. It causes
bone pain, muscle weakness an increased risk of fractures.
Osteoporosis - ANSWERA condition, typically as a result of hormonal changes or
deficiency of calcium or vitamin D, in which there is loss of bone tissue, weakening the
bones and making them fragile, and more likely to break.
Megaloblastic anaemia - ANSWERType of anaemia characterised by red blood cells
that are larger than normal. There are also fewer red blood cells, so body tissues and
organs do not get enough oxygen.
Neural tube defects - ANSWERAbnormalities of the brain, spine, or spinal cord that can
happen in the first month of pregnancy. The commonest is spina bifida, where the spinal
column does not close properly.
Scurvy - ANSWERA rare condition caused by lack of vitamin C, which affects the body'd
ability to form collagen. Symptoms include tiredness, shortness of breath, pain in the
limbs, swollen and bleeding gums, delayed wound healing and bruising easily.
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