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Samenvatting gedrags- en opvoedingsproblemen
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In dit document worden alle lessen van gedrags- en opvoedingsproblemen gebundeld, samen met alle notities van de lessen.
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THEMA’S UIT DEORTHOPEDAGOGIEK
Gedrags- en opvoedingsproblemen
HANNE BOONS
2021-2022
,Inhoud
1 Antistigma-interventies.......................................................................................................................7
1.1 Het probleem................................................................................................................................7
1.1.1 Stigma in de klas....................................................................................................................7
1.1.2 Omvang van het probleem....................................................................................................8
1.1.3 Gevolgen van stigma..............................................................................................................8
1.1.4 Vormen van stigma................................................................................................................8
1.1.5 Stigma bestaat uit …..............................................................................................................9
1.2 Illustratie – stigma in de pers (structureel stigma).......................................................................9
1.2.1 Structureel stigma..................................................................................................................9
1.2.2 Selectie van artikels...............................................................................................................9
1.2.3 Coderen van artikels..............................................................................................................9
1.2.4 Resultaten: algemene vergelijking.......................................................................................10
1.2.5 Resultaten: vergelijking op domeinniveau...........................................................................10
1.2.6 Discussie..............................................................................................................................10
1.3 Hoe met stigma omgaan?..........................................................................................................10
1.3.1 Handicapcreatietheorie (Fougeyrollas, 1995)......................................................................11
1.3.2 Vergroten van coping skills..................................................................................................11
1.3.3 Kennis vergroten (stereotypen
en discriminatie).................................................................11
1.3.4 Ervaring vergroten (vooringenomenheid
en discriminatie) .................................................12
1.4 Illustratie inleefmomenten.........................................................................................................13
1.4.1 Antistigma-interventies.......................................................................................................13
1.5 Afsluitende opmerkingen...........................................................................................................16
2 Verstoorde hechting..........................................................................................................................17
2.1 Historische situering...................................................................................................................17
2.1.1 Jaren 1950-1960..................................................................................................................17
2.1.2 Jaren 1970...........................................................................................................................18
2.1.3 Jaren 1980-1990..................................................................................................................18
2.1.4 Jaren 1990 tot heden...........................................................................................................19
2.2 Hechting......................................................................................................................................19
2.2.1 Kant van het kind.................................................................................................................19
2.2.2 Kant van de volwassene.......................................................................................................20
2.2.3 Koppeling tussen beide........................................................................................................20
2.3 Verstoorde hechting...................................................................................................................20
2.3.1 Invloed op alle ontwikkelingsdomeinen..............................................................................20
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, 2.3.2 Enkele misvattingen in het werken met deze kinderen.......................................................22
2.3.3 Centrale moeilijkheden in het werken met deze kinderen..................................................22
2.4 Diagnostiek van verstoorde hechting.........................................................................................22
2.4.1 Stappenplan.........................................................................................................................22
2.5 Hechtings- bevorderend werken................................................................................................25
2.5.1 Centrale moeilijkheden bij therapeutisch handelen............................................................25
2.5.2 Aanknopingspunten voor preventie en interventie.............................................................25
2.5.3 Kern van het handelen.........................................................................................................25
2.5.4 Signalen van positieve vooruitgang.....................................................................................27
3 Als spanning en stress de overhand neemt.......................................................................................28
3.1 Situering......................................................................................................................................28
3.1.1 Spanning en stress in gezinnen............................................................................................28
3.2 Werking van het brein................................................................................................................31
3.2.1 Spanning en stress in gezinnen............................................................................................31
3.3 Belang van kalm brein.................................................................................................................33
3.3.1 Downregulatie.....................................................................................................................33
3.4 Omgaan met spanning en stress in een residentiële context.....................................................34
3.4.1 Vorming en opleiding...........................................................................................................34
3.4.2 Veiligheidsbevord. cultuur en interventies..........................................................................34
3.4.3 Agressiebeleid......................................................................................................................34
3.4.4 Basishouding en -structuur ter preventie............................................................................34
3.4.5 Crisisontwikkelingsmodel....................................................................................................36
3.4.6 Vrijheidsbeperkende maatregelen......................................................................................36
3.4.7 Algemene principes (Hoge Gezondheidsraad 2016)............................................................37
4 ADHD en geassocieerde stoornissen: diagnostiek en behandeling...................................................38
4.1 Casus Jef.....................................................................................................................................38
4.1.1 Doelstelling casus Jef...........................................................................................................42
4.2 DSM-criteria ADHD.....................................................................................................................43
4.2.1 Onoplettendheid en/of hyperactiviteit/impulsiviteit...........................................................43
4.2.2 < 12 jaar...............................................................................................................................45
4.2.3 Thuis, op school en op het werk..........................................................................................45
4.2.4 Lijdensdruk..........................................................................................................................45
4.2.5 Niet beter te verklaren door andere problematiek..............................................................46
4.3 Onderkennende diagnostiek van ADHD......................................................................................47
4.4 Persisterende ADHD?.................................................................................................................47
4.5 Diagnostische richtlijnen ADHD..................................................................................................48
2
, 4.5.1 Kleuters................................................................................................................................48
4.5.2 Volwassenen........................................................................................................................49
4.6 ADHD zorgtrajecten....................................................................................................................50
4.6.1 6-12 jaar...............................................................................................................................51
4.6.2 13-18 jaar.............................................................................................................................51
4.6.3 Kleuters................................................................................................................................52
4.6.4 Volwassenen........................................................................................................................52
4.6.5 ADHD zorgpad: wat werkt (voorlopig) niet?........................................................................52
4.7 ADHD: neuropsychologische onderzoek?...................................................................................53
4.7.1 BADS-C.................................................................................................................................53
4.7.2 Oorzaken van ADHD............................................................................................................55
4.7.3 Neuropsychologische onderzoek – andere..........................................................................58
4.8 Behandeling ADHD in de klas......................................................................................................58
5 Leerkracht-LeerlingInteractiestrategieën als motor voor de (cognitieve) ontwikkeling van kinderen
..............................................................................................................................................................59
5.1 Conceptualisatie EF.....................................................................................................................59
5.1.1 Kern EF.................................................................................................................................59
5.1.2 Hogere orde EF....................................................................................................................59
5.1.3 Cool versus hot....................................................................................................................60
5.1.4 Impact..................................................................................................................................60
6 Groeien in executieve functies..........................................................................................................63
6.1 EF en zelfsturing..........................................................................................................................63
6.2 Wat is een EF-focus?...................................................................................................................63
6.2.1 Groeien in EF. Hoe?.............................................................................................................63
6.3 Aan de slag..................................................................................................................................64
6.3.1 EF-focus 1: Sta stil bij en verwoord jouw denken en gedrag................................................65
6.3.2 EF-focus 2: maak onbewust gedrag bewust.........................................................................65
6.3.3 Basis.....................................................................................................................................69
6.3.4 EF-focus 3: leer de leerlingen stilstaan bij hun denken en gedrag.......................................69
6.3.5 EF-groeiactiviteiten binnen de EF-focussen.........................................................................70
6.3.6 Tip bij de EF-activiteiten.......................................................................................................71
6.4 Keuze uit drie EF-focussen..........................................................................................................71
6.4.1 Gezelschapsspelen en smartgames.....................................................................................71
6.4.2 Hoe zou jij spel begeleiden?................................................................................................71
6.5 Samen afronden.........................................................................................................................72
6.5.1 Eye-opener..........................................................................................................................72
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