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Samenvatting Schadevergoedingsrechten (Uitleg op de slides + notities, voorbeelden,...)
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Een volwaardige samenvatting van het vak 'Schadevergoedingsrecht'
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Prof. Dr. Marc KruithofInhoudsopgave
ALGEMEEN............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Opzet.................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Overzicht leerstof.................................................................................................................................................. 8
Rechtstheoretisch uitgangspunt............................................................................................................................ 9
Nagestreefde eindcompetenties........................................................................................................................... 9
Functie aansprakelijkheidsrecht (1)...................................................................................................................... 9
Strafrecht v. burgerlijk recht.............................................................................................................................. 9
Functie aansprakelijkheidsrecht (2).................................................................................................................... 10
efficiëntie: internalisatie externe kosten........................................................................................................... 10
Efficiëntie: strategisch gedrag......................................................................................................................... 10
SPeltheoretische analyse................................................................................................................................ 11
Functie aansprakelijkheidsrecht (3).................................................................................................................... 13
Contractueel V. extracontractueel................................................................................................................... 13
Behoefte aan alternatieve systemen................................................................................................................... 13
Verzekeringen..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Forfaitaire verzekering (niet zo belangrijk)...................................................................................................... 15
Schadeverzekering.......................................................................................................................................... 15
Sociale zekerheid (minder belangrijk)................................................................................................................. 16
Schadefondsen................................................................................................................................................... 17
samenspel & coördinatie..................................................................................................................................... 17
schadeverschuiving............................................................................................................................................ 18
schadespreiding.................................................................................................................................................. 18
schadeverschuiving + schadespreiding.............................................................................................................. 19
Regelgeving........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Belgisch federalisme........................................................................................................................................... 20
european tort law................................................................................................................................................ 20
Literatuur (niet uit hoofd leren)............................................................................................................................ 20
Structuur gangbare doctrinale analyse............................................................................................................... 21
Bewijslast............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Bewijs: standaard, middelen & waarde............................................................................................................... 21
Plan: Volgorde behandeling onderwerpen.......................................................................................................... 21
Schade................................................................................................................................................................... 22
inhoud & opzet.................................................................................................................................................... 22
historische oorsprong schadebegrip................................................................................................................... 22
Evolutie waardebegrip & schadebegrip............................................................................................................... 22
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,Prof. Dr. Marc Kruithof
De structuur van schade: Differenzhypothese.................................................................................................... 23
huidig schadebegrip: geen recht vereist............................................................................................................. 24
De substantie van schade: belangenkrenking.................................................................................................... 24
Geen schade zonder gekrenkt belang................................................................................................................ 24
Belang VS. Recht................................................................................................................................................ 25
Procedurele belangenvereiste............................................................................................................................ 25
Materieelrechtelijke belangenvereiste................................................................................................................. 25
Vereiste rechtmatigheid belang.......................................................................................................................... 26
Doctrinale verantwoording.................................................................................................................................. 26
De motivering van cassatie: contaminatie........................................................................................................... 27
Zuivere doctrinale analyse.................................................................................................................................. 27
Zaakschade (fr: dommage aux choses).............................................................................................................. 28
Personenschade (Fr: dommage aux personnes)................................................................................................ 28
Soorten ongeschiktheid................................................................................................................................... 29
Vermogensschade (Fr: Dommage économique)................................................................................................ 29
1. Kosten reparatie & veperken/vermijden schade.......................................................................................... 30
2. Verplichte uitgaven door derden.................................................................................................................. 30
3. ‘Vrijwillige’ uitgaven derden......................................................................................................................... 31
4. Kosten verkrijgen schadeloosstelling.......................................................................................................... 31
Morele schade: gangbaar begrip........................................................................................................................ 32
Geschiedenis betaling voor ‘morele schade’................................................................................................... 32
Morele schade in huidige juridische realiteit.................................................................................................... 32
Morele schade: alternatief begrip.................................................................................................................... 33
Relatie eiser – gekrenkt belang.......................................................................................................................... 33
Vordering tot collectief herstel......................................................................................................................... 34
Schade rechtspersonen...................................................................................................................................... 34
Collectieve belangen........................................................................................................................................... 35
gangbare doctrine........................................................................................................................................... 35
Alternatieve doctrine........................................................................................................................................ 36
collectiefbelangactie rechtspersoon................................................................................................................ 36
bijzondere gevallen in regelgeving.................................................................................................................. 36
Ontvankelijkheid v. recht op schadeloosstelling.................................................................................................. 37
Zekerheid............................................................................................................................................................ 37
Verlies van een kans........................................................................................................................................... 38
Bewijs van de schade......................................................................................................................................... 39
FOUT...................................................................................................................................................................... 39
ASH op basis van een (bewezen) fout................................................................................................................ 39
Doctrine: constitutieve elementen................................................................................................................... 39
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,Prof. Dr. Marc Kruithof
Doctrine: structuur........................................................................................................................................... 40
Onrechtmatigheid volgens Cassatie................................................................................................................ 40
Soorten normen............................................................................................................................................... 40
Onrechtmatigheid................................................................................................................................................ 40
onzorgvuldigheid............................................................................................................................................. 41
concretisering: externe omstandigheden......................................................................................................... 42
Concretisering: interne omstandigheden......................................................................................................... 42
Concretisering: functie aangesprokene........................................................................................................... 43
Beoordeling zorgvuldigheid in de praktijk........................................................................................................ 43
Inbreuk op rechtsregel........................................................................................................................................ 44
vraagstuk......................................................................................................................................................... 44
Absolute VS relatieve onrechtmatigheid.......................................................................................................... 44
Strafrechtelijke misdrijven............................................................................................................................... 45
Inbreuk op subjectief recht.................................................................................................................................. 45
bevrijdingsgronden.............................................................................................................................................. 46
1. wettige verdediging & noodtoestand........................................................................................................... 46
2. Bevel/toelating van de overheid.................................................................................................................. 47
3. Rechtsuitoefening & onrechtmatigheid........................................................................................................ 47
Rechtsmisbruik................................................................................................................................................... 47
Toerekening........................................................................................................................................................ 48
Toerekening: doctrinale situering.................................................................................................................... 48
Incidentele niet-toerekening:........................................................................................................................... 48
Ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid................................................................................................................................ 49
schuldbekwaamheid........................................................................................................................................ 49
Geestesgestoorden......................................................................................................................................... 49
Infantes........................................................................................................................................................... 50
Toerekening aan rechtspersonen.................................................................................................................... 51
Bewijs van onrechtmatigheid & toerekening.................................................................................................... 52
causaliteit............................................................................................................................................................... 52
Situering.............................................................................................................................................................. 52
oorzaken vs. irrelevante omstandigheden.......................................................................................................... 52
Theorieën............................................................................................................................................................ 53
gangbare doctrine: equivalentieleer.................................................................................................................... 53
Voorbeschiktheid (Prédisposition)...................................................................................................................... 54
Feitenrechter VS. Cassatie................................................................................................................................. 54
juridische realiteit................................................................................................................................................ 55
Rechtmatig alternatief: v1 & v2........................................................................................................................... 58
rechtmatig alternatief v2: soms wel, soms niet................................................................................................ 58
3
, Prof. Dr. Marc Kruithof
alternatief: leer van de causale bijdrage............................................................................................................. 59
probleem met CSQN-test: overdeterminatie....................................................................................................... 59
Zekerheid & bewijs van causaliteit...................................................................................................................... 59
Onzekere causaliteit........................................................................................................................................... 60
Alternatieve oorzaken...................................................................................................................................... 60
Verlies van een kans....................................................................................................................................... 60
Afgeleide aansprakelijkheden................................................................................................................................. 61
bijzondere onderwijsash..................................................................................................................................... 61
de aansprakelijke: de ‘onderwijzer’.................................................................................................................. 61
de gedekte schade.......................................................................................................................................... 61
Bewijslast benadeelde..................................................................................................................................... 62
Bevrijding........................................................................................................................................................ 62
Bijzonderlijk ouderlijke ASH................................................................................................................................ 62
de aansprakelijke: de ‘ouder’........................................................................................................................... 62
De gedekte schade......................................................................................................................................... 63
Bewijslast benadeelde..................................................................................................................................... 63
Bevrijding........................................................................................................................................................ 63
Bijzondere aanstellingsASH................................................................................................................................ 64
de aansprakelijke: de aansteller...................................................................................................................... 64
Aanstelling VS. arbeidsovereenkomst............................................................................................................. 64
De gedekte schade......................................................................................................................................... 65
Bewijslast van de benadeelde......................................................................................................................... 65
bevrijding......................................................................................................................................................... 65
algemene toezichtsASH?.................................................................................................................................... 65
personeel publieke rechtspersonen................................................................................................................. 66
vrijwilligerswerk............................................................................................................................................... 66
rechthebbende bij afgeleide ASH.................................................................................................................... 67
afgeleide & rechtstreekse ash......................................................................................................................... 67
afgeleide ash: alternatieven............................................................................................................................ 68
doctrinale weergave........................................................................................................................................ 68
Het concept afgeleide ASH............................................................................................................................. 68
Het concept organisatieASH........................................................................................................................... 69
objectieve Aansprakelijkheid.................................................................................................................................. 69
begrip.................................................................................................................................................................. 69
risicoAansprakelijkheid....................................................................................................................................... 70
algemeen........................................................................................................................................................ 70
aanstellersaansprakelijkheid............................................................................................................................... 70
Schade veroorzaakt door dieren......................................................................................................................... 70
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